Five decades of black common bean genetic breeding in Brazil

Leiri Daiane Barili,Fabyano Fonseca E Silva,Naine Martins Do Vale,José Eustáquio De Souza Carneiro,Felipe Lopes Da Silva

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4641371

Leiri Daiane Barili, Fabyano Fonseca E Silva + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4641371

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The increase in grain yield and other agronomic traits, in common bean cultivars, is due, in large part, to its genetic breeding. This study aimed at estimating the genetic progress for grain yield and other important agronomic traits in black common bean cultivars recommended by Brazilian breeding programs between 1960 and 2013. A randomized blocks design was used, with three replications and 40 black common bean cultivars. The following traits were evaluated: grain yield and appearance, plant architecture, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight. The genetic progress was estimated from the trait averages over the years, using bissegmented linear regression models that allowed the inference of the exact year in which the black common bean breeding began to present significant genetic progress. For grain yield, the genetic progress was observed from 1988, with an annual gain of 2.42 %. Improvements also occurred to grain appearance (1.85 %), plant architecture (1.35 %), number of pods per plant (2.36 %) and seeds per pod (2.24 %) and 1,000-seed weight (1.42 %), mainly after 1989.

Highlights

Common bean is a cash crop of great socioeconomic importance to Brazil
This study aimed at evaluating the genetic progress for grain yield and other agronomic traits of black common bean cultivars recommended by different breeding programs, in Brazil, from 1960 to 2013
Experiments were conducted at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa (20o45’14’’S, 42o52’55’’W and altitude of 648 m) and Coimbra (20o51’24’’S, 42o48’10’’W and altitude of 720 m), both in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil, during the 2013 dry and winter seasons

Summary

Introduction

Common bean is a cash crop of great socioeconomic importance to Brazil. Brazil is one of its main producers and consumers worldwide (FAO 2011). The crop is cultivated throughout the country, in all seasons, by small, medium and big producers (Barili et al 2011). The 2013/2014 crop reached a production of 3.45 million tons, with yield of 1,026 kg ha-1 (Conab 2015). Among the common bean types consumed and cultivated in Brazil, the black common bean ranks second, with 17 % of the bean-cultivated area, producing 490,000 tons per year (Faria et al 2014). Its consumption is predominant in the southern States, and in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Minas Gerais and southern Espírito Santo (Del Peloso & Melo 2005)

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