Registration of ‘Condor’ Black Bean

Abstract

‘Condor’ black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV-233, PI 635117) was developed cooperatively by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS and released in 2004 as an upright, midseason, disease-resistant cultivar. Condor, tested as B00101, was derived from a cross made in 1996 between black bean cultivars Phantom and Black Jack. Phantom is a mid-to-full season, upright, indeterminate growth habit Type II black bean cultivar (2) with resistance to Races 7 and 73 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib., the cause of bean anthracnose. Black Jack is a more prostrate black bean cultivar with excellent canning quality. F1 plants were advanced in the greenhouse and F2 seed was space-planted in a nursery at the Saginaw Valley Bean and Sugarbeet Research Farm near Saginaw, MI. A single F2 plant possessing the desired agronomic and black bean seed traits was selected. The F3 progeny row was planted at the University of Puerto Rico Research Station at Isabela and mass selected based on agronomic and seed traits. A single-plant selection was made in a space-planted F4 nursery in Michigan based on agronomic and black bean seed traits and resistance to bean rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger]. The F5 progeny row was advanced at Isabela, Puerto Rico and the reaction to virus and anthracnose was confirmed by inoculating remnant seed in the greenhouse for resistance to Races 7 and 73 of C. lindemuthianum and to the NL 3 strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). The F4:6 breeding line, coded B00101, was tested for yield and agronomic traits at 29 locations in Michigan from 2000 to 2003 before release. Condor averaged 3100 kg ha−1 and was equivalent in yield to ‘Midnight’ at 13 locations. Condor outyielded three commercial black bean cultivars, namely ‘Jaguar’, ‘T-39’, and Black Jack by a margin of 5, 6, and 8% at 24, 29, and 12 locations, respectively. Condor averages 49 cm in height and exhibits an upright indeterminate growth habit Type II, with moderate resistance to lodging. Condor has purple flowers and blooms 49 d after planting. Condor is a midseason bean, maturing 94 d after planting and has a range in maturity from 83 to 99 d, depending on season and location. Condor matures 1 d later than Jaguar (3), T-39, and Black Jack, and 5 d earlier than Midnight. Plants of Condor mature uniformly and show excellent dry-down across a broad range of environments. Condor carries the dominant I gene for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) but is sensitive to the temperature-insensitive necrosis-inducing strains of BCMNV such as NL 3 and NL 8. Condor carries the Co-1 and Co-2 genes, which condition resistance to Races 7, and 73 of C. lindemuthianum, and the Ur-3 rust resistance gene, which conditions resistance to Race 53 and all indigenous bean rust pathogen races prevalent in Michigan. Condor is tolerant to Michigan isolates of root rot [caused primarily by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. phaseoli (Burkholder) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans.] but is susceptible to common blight [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye]. Condor has a higher level of tolerance (35% incidence) to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary], as compared to T-39 (49% incidence), but exhibits less white mold avoidance (4) compared to the more erect Jaguar (21% incidence). Condor has flat-to-round seed, which averages 23 g 100 seed−1 (range: 19–25 g 100 seed−1). The seed is similar in color and shape to T-39. In canning trials, Condor scored 4.7 on a seven-point hedonic scale (where 7 is most desirable, 1 is least desirable, and 4 is average); whereas T-39, Jaguar, and Black Jack scored 3.9, 4.4, and 5.1, respectively. After processing, Condor retains color better than Jaguar and T-39 but it does not differ significantly from other black bean cultivars for texture, hydration, and drained weight ratios (1). Condor was released as a public nonexclusive variety, with the option that Condor may be sold for seed by name only under the Certified class. A research fee will be assessed on each hundredweight unit of Foundation seed sold. Breeder seed is maintained by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI 48824, in cooperation with the Michigan Crop Improvement Association.