GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN COWPEA LINES USING GGE BIPLOT METHOD

MASSAINE BANDEIRA E SOUSA,LAÍZE RAPHAELLE LEMOS LIMA,JOSÉ ÂNGELO NOGUEIRA DE MENEZES JÚNIOR,MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA,KAESEL JACKSON DAMASCENO-SILVA

doi:10.1590/1983-21252018v31n108rc

MASSAINE BANDEIRA E SOUSA, LAÍZE RAPHAELLE LEMOS LIMA + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n108rc

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The GGE Biplot method is efficien to identify favorable genotypes and ideal environments for evaluation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype by environment interaction (G×E) and select elite lines of cowpea from genotypes, which are part of the cultivation and use value tests of the Embrapa Meio-Norte Breeding Program, for regions of the Brazilian Cerrado, by the GGE-Biplot method. The grain yield of 40 cowpea genotypes, 30 lines and 10 cultivars, was evaluated during three years (2010, 2011 and 2012) in three locations: Balsas (BAL), São Raimundo das Mangabeiras (SRM) and Primavera do Leste (PRL). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and adjusted means were obtained to perform the GGE-Biplot analysis. The graphic results showed variation in the performance of the genotypes in the locations evaluated over the years. The performance of the lines MNC02-675F-4-9 and MNC02-675F-4-10 were considered ideal, with maximum yield and good stability in the locations evaluated. There mega-environments were formed, encompassing environments correlated positively. The lines MNC02-675F-4-9, MNC02-675F-9-3 and MNC02-701F-2 had the best performance within each mega-environment. The environment PRL10 and lines near this environment, such as MNC02-677F-2, MNC02-677F-5 and the control cultivar (BRS-Marataoã) could be classified as those of greater reliability, determined basically by the genotypic effects, with reduced G×E. Most of the environments evaluated were ideal for evaluation of G×E, since the genotypes were well discriminated on them. Therefore, the selection of genotypes with adaptability and superior performance for specific environments through the GGE-Biplot analysis was possible.

Highlights

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) has phenotypic plasticity and high genetic variability, it is adapted to different edaphoclimatic conditions
Each combination of year and location were considered as one environment for statistical analysis, totaling nine environments, namely Balsas 2010 (BAL10), 2011 (BAL11) and 2012 (BAL12), São Raimundo das Mangabeiras 2010 (SRM10), 2011 (SRM11) and 2012 (SRM12) and Primavera do Leste 2010 (PRL10), 2011 (PRL11) and 2012 (PRL12)
The detection of significant genotype by environment interaction (G×E) denotes the existence of interaction or dependence between genotypes and environments in relation to grain yield, i.e., indicates that the genotypes have different responses to different environments

Summary

Introduction

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) has phenotypic plasticity and high genetic variability, it is adapted to different edaphoclimatic conditions. The cowpea yield in Brazil vary depending on the region, mainly due to the different climatic conditions (FREIRE FILHO et al, 2011). In addition to environmental effects, the genotype by environment interaction (G×E) is observed when considering different environments for a group of genotypes (CRUZ, 2010). G×E is defined as the distinct performance of the genotype in different environments (RESENDE; DUARTE, 2007). To identify and select lines with superior performance in different environmental conditions is necessary due to the G×E. This effect increases costs of plant breeding programs, since more evaluations are required

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