Genotype by Environment Interaction Effect on Grain Iron and Zinc Concentration of Indian and Mediterranean Lentil Genotypes

Soma Gupta,Gyan Prakash Mishra,Ruchi Bansal,Shiv Kumar,Arpan Bhowmik,Harsh Kumar Dikshit,Muraleedhar S Aski,Shouvik Das,Kuldeep Tripathi

doi:10.3390/agronomy11091761

Abstract

Lentil grains with high nutritional value qualify as a promising candidate for alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition in South Asia and North Africa. Genetic variation for micronutrient concentration in germplasm is prerequisite for biofortification of this crop. In the present study, ninety-six lentil genotypes consisting of Indian (released varieties, advanced breeding lines and germplasm lines) and Mediterranean (germplasm lines and landraces) lines were evaluated for grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations and the stability of these traits was studied across three different locations in India. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) mean squares for both the micronutrients. Stability analysis employing the AMMI model elucidated the first two interaction principal components as significant and cumulatively explained 100% of GEI variation. The first two components explained 55.9% and 44.1% of the GEI sum of squares for grain iron and 50.8% and 49.2% for grain zinc concentration, respectively. No correlation between grain iron and zinc concentration was observed. Among 96 lines, genotypes IG 49, P 16214, ILL 147 and P 2118 were found to be relatively stable, having higher mean iron and zinc concentrations with low modified AMMI stability value (MASV), modified AMMI stability index (MASI) and genotype selection index (GSI). The identified promising genotypes (high Fe: P 16214, IG 115, P 2127 and IC 560812 and high Zn: P 8115, P 3234, LL 461 and IC 560812) can be utilized for studying the genetics of grain Fe and Zn concentration by developing mapping populations and for biofortification of Indian lentil.

Highlights

IntroductionCulinaris) grains are enriched with abundant protein, prebiotic carbohydrates, vitamins, macro- and micro-nutrients [1,2]
Analysis of variance indicated that the panel of lentil genotypes differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) among themselves for grain Fe and Zn concentrations across locations (Table 3)
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for grain Fe and Zn concentrations among diverse lentil genotypes while simultaneously deciphering environmental influence on the studied traits

Summary

Introduction

Culinaris) grains are enriched with abundant protein, prebiotic carbohydrates, vitamins, macro- and micro-nutrients [1,2]. Lentil grains provide quality protein with significant concentration of endogenous amino acids viz. Lentil is the fifth most important grain legume grown in around 50 countries. Recommended daily allowance (RDA) for iron is 8.0 mg and 18.0 mg, while for zinc it is 11.0 mg and 8.0 mg for males and females, respectively, according to the National Institute of Health (NIH). Consumption of 100 g of lentil grains can provide a considerable amount of RDA for iron and zinc [5,6]. In many of the developing countries lentil supplements cereals in daily diets of the resource-poor populations [7]

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Discussion

Conclusion