Abstract
Background:Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), species member of the family Flaviviridae, is generally considered restricted to domestic and wild suids. The circulation of CFSV has been detected in cattle herds in China and India. Natural infection appeared associated with clinical signs in some cases.Aim:The secondary structures of the internal ribosome entry site in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) were used for the genomic characterization of bovine strains.Methods:Sequences have been compared to the representative CSFV strains isolated from pigs, vaccines, and contaminants from porcine cell lines and an ovine strain isolated in Spain.Results:The observed sequences from cattle showed a genetic relatedness with live-attenuated vaccine strains used in pigs. Sequence characteristics of the Chinese strain S171 are genetically distant from the previously reported CSFV genotypes, suggesting a new outgroup in the species, described for the first time, and named CSFV-d. Other Chinese strains were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a2 (Alfort type) pig strains. Indian strains, reported from the states of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a1 (Brescia type) and a5 pig strains, respectively.Conclusion:These preliminary observations are new and relevant in countries, where CSFV control and eradication strategies are applied.
Highlights
The genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, includes genetically related species recognized as important pathogens in veterinary medicine
The 5ʹ-untranslated region (UTR) sequences of the 16 reported strains (13 sequences detected in cattle from India and China and three sequences detected in commercial fetal bovine serum batches from China) (Zhang et al, 2014; Giangaspero et al, 2017; and with reference to strain HEN03 sequence deposited by Zhang) have been compared with those from other Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains (n = 110) isolated from pigs, vaccines, and contaminants from porcine cell lines and an ovine strain isolated in Spain representative of identified genetic clusters in the species, with particular attention to isolates circulating in Asian countries, including India and China (Table 1), and further compared to 1,300 sequences from other Pestivirus species different from CSFV
CSFV-c strain Okinawa/86 is identical to the strains P97 and 94.4/ IL/94/TWN, CSFV-a1 strain Ibaraki/66 was identical to BresciaX, and CSFV-a1 39 was identical to strains JL1(06), 5NCRCSFMZAIZ348, Aizawl-09, and RUCSFPLUM
Summary
The genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, includes genetically related species recognized as important pathogens in veterinary medicine. One ovine isolate (strain 5440/99), which is similar to CSFV vaccine strains used in the framework of eradication campaigns in pigs, was reported from. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), species member of the family Flaviviridae, is generally considered restricted to domestic and wild suids. Results: The observed sequences from cattle showed a genetic relatedness with live-attenuated vaccine strains used in pigs. Sequence characteristics of the Chinese strain S171 are genetically distant from the previously reported CSFV genotypes, suggesting a new outgroup in the species, described for the first time, and named CSFV-d. Other Chinese strains were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a2 (Alfort type) pig strains. Indian strains, reported from the states of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a1 (Brescia type) and a5 pig strains, respectively.
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