Abstract
Simple SummaryA number of studies have demonstrated that DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are involved in multiple biological processes. In the present study, Dof genes or proteins in Tartary buckwheat (FtDofs) were systematically analysed, including their physical properties, phylogenetic relationships, structure, motif composition, cis-acting elements present in promoter regions, chromosomal distribution, gene duplication events, syntenic relationships, expression patterns in different tissues and different fruit developmental stages and responses to exogenous hormone stimulation. The results indicated that the expansion of FtDofs was mainly due to segmental duplication. The tissue-specific expression patterns of FtDofs and their positive responses to exogenous hormone stimulation suggest that they play important roles in the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat as well as in the adaptation to environmental changes. Collectively, this study lays a foundation for further exploration of the function of FtDof genes in Tartary buckwheat.DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins have been proven to be involved in multiple biological processes. However, genome-wide identification of the Dof gene family has not been reported for Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). In this study, 35 FtDof proteins were identified, and they could be divided into nine phylogenetic subgroups. Proteins within the same subgroup had similar gene structure and motif composition. Moreover, abundant cis-acting elements were present in the promoter regions of FtDof genes. Segmental duplication was the primary driving force for the evolution of the FtDof gene family. Synteny analysis indicated that Tartary buckwheat was closer to dicotyledons, and more orthologous Dof genes existed among them. The expression pattern of FtDofs in different tissues and at different fruit developmental stages varied. Different tissues contained several genes that were specifically expressed. FtDof expression was mainly upregulated under methyl jasmonate treatment and downregulated under other hormone treatments. Taken together, FtDofs may play important roles in the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, the genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the Tartary buckwheat Dof gene family lays a foundation for further exploration of the functional characteristics of FtDofs in the future.
Highlights
Transcription factors (TFs) participate in recruiting and recognizing specific DNA sequence elements in the promoter region of genes to regulate the spatiotemporal expression of target genes and further control or influence several biological processes [1]
The coding sequences (CDSs) length of FtDofs ranged from 393 bp (FtDof28) to 1416 bp (FtDof25), the amino acid length of the corresponding proteins varied from 130 aa to 471 aa, and their Mw ranged from 14.8 kDa to 50.8 kDa
The results of subcellular localisation prediction indicated that all FtDof proteins are localised in the nucleus
Summary
Transcription factors (TFs) participate in recruiting and recognizing specific DNA sequence elements in the promoter region of genes to regulate the spatiotemporal expression of target genes and further control or influence several biological processes [1]. A number of studies have evidenced the unique role of Dof proteins in multiple biological processes, including tissue differentiation, seed development and regulation of metabolism [14], vascular tissue development [15], stomatal maturation and functioning [16], flowering time [17,18], pollen maturation [19], seed germination [20,21], endosperm development [22], carbon and nitrogen metabolism [23] and responses to phytohormones [24,25,26,27], as well as biotic and abiotic stresses [28,29,30] These findings proved that Dof proteins play crucial roles in the growth and development of plants, and these TFs play a role in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses. To the best of our knowledge, genome-wide identification and relevant studies of the Dof gene family have not been reported for Tartary buckwheat
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