Abstract
BackgroundCyclophilins (CYPs), belonging to the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) superfamily, play important roles during plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.ResultsHere, a total of 79 CYPs were identified in the genome of Gossypium hirsutum. Of which, 65 GhCYPs only contained one cyclophilin type PPIase domain, others 14 GhCYPs contain additional domains. A number of cis-acting elements related to phytohormone signaling were predicated in the upstream of GhCYPs ORF. The expression analysis revealed that GhCYPs were induced in response to cold, hot, salt, PEG and Verticillium dahliae infection. In addition, the functional importance of GhCYP-3 in Verticillium wilt resistance was also presented in this study. GhCYP-3 showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. Overexpression of GhCYP-3 in Arabidopsis significantly improved Verticillium wilt resistance of the plants. Recombinant GhCYP-3 displayed PPIase activity and evident inhibitory effects on V. dahliae in vitro. Moreover, the extracts from GhCYP-3 transgenic Arabidopsis displayed significantly inhibit activity to conidia germinating and hyphal growth of V. dahliae.ConclusionsOur study identified the family members of cotton CYP genes using bioinformatics tools. Differential expression patterns of GhCYPs under various abiotic stress and V. dahliae infection conditions provide a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of candidate genes. Moreover, GhCYP-3 involved in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae infection presumably through antifungal activity.
Highlights
Cyclophilins (CYPs), belonging to the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) superfamily, play important roles during plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses
Up to 79 CYPs were identified in the genome of G. hirsutum Texas Marker-1 (TM-1) A local BLASTP search was performed with the Arabidopsis CYP proteins as query, which resulted in 79 CYP candidates from G. hirsutum NAU version 1.1, 74 CYPs from G. hirsutum JGI version 1.0 and 78 CYPs from G. hirsutum NAU version 2.1 (Table 1)
These candidates were submitted to Pfam to confirm the existence of cyclophilin type PPIase domain (CLD, PF00160) and named GhCYP-1 to GhCYP-79
Summary
Cyclophilins (CYPs), belonging to the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) superfamily, play important roles during plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum L., the most important fiber crop, is cultivated worldwide because of its high yield [1] Environmental stresses, such as cold, drought, heat, salinity, various pests and pathogens, threaten cotton growth, yield and fiber quality. Verticillium wilt, Cyclophilins (CYPs), possessing peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity, are classified in the immunophilin family of proteins [3]. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsCYP21-4 exhibited increased tolerance to salinity and hydrogen peroxide treatment [13]. Ectopic expression of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) CYP, CcCYP, in Arabidopsis exhibited high-level tolerance against drought, salinity and extreme temperatures [14]. Overexpression of GhCyp in transgenic tobacco plants conferred higher tolerance to salt stress and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci infection compared with control plants [18]
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