Abstract
BackgroundAs an important group of the multidrug efflux transporter family, the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family has a wide range of functions and is distributed in all kingdoms of living organisms. However, only two MATE genes in apple have been analyzed and genome-wide comprehensive analysis of MATE family is needed.ResultsIn this study, a total of 66 MATE (MdMATE) candidates encoding putative MATE transporters were identified in the apple genome. These MdMATE genes were classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis with MATE genes in Arabidopsis. Synteny analysis reveals that whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication events played a major role in the expansion of MATE gene family in apple. MdMATE genes show diverse expression patterns in different tissues/organs and developmental stages. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements in MdMATE promoter regions indicates that the function of MdMATE genes is mainly related to stress response. Besides, the changes of gene expression levels upon different pathogen infections reveal that MdMATE genes are involved in biotic stress response.ConclusionsIn this work, we systematically identified MdMATE genes in apple genome using a set of bioinformatics approaches. Our comprehensive analysis provided valuable resources for improving disease resistance in apple and further functional characterization of MATE genes in other species.
Highlights
As an important group of the multidrug efflux transporter family, the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family has a wide range of functions and is distributed in all kingdoms of living organisms
Synteny analysis shows that whole genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication events played a major role in the expansion of MATE gene family in apple
In this study, a total of 66 MATE (MdMATE) genes encoding MATE transporters were identified in the apple genome
Summary
As an important group of the multidrug efflux transporter family, the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family has a wide range of functions and is distributed in all kingdoms of living organisms. The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein belongs to a multidrug efflux transporter family, which plays a role in transporting multiple kinds of substrates, such as secondary metabolites and. Zhang et al BMC Genomics (2021) 22:632 caused by the difference between the internal and external material concentration of the membrane to implement transport process [4] In these secondary transporter families, numerous MFS family members with different functions are widely distributed in both higher and lower organisms. The new secondary transporter family, NorM and YdhE, become the fifth kind of transporter family which is named as multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) [9]
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