Abstract
BackgroundDuring decidualization in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), expressions of a number of genes and epigenetic modifications of histones are altered. However, there is little information about whether DNA methylation, which is another epigenetic mechanism, also changes during decidualization. Here, we examined the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in ESCs during decidualization and their associations with the changes of gene expressions and histone modifications.ResultsESCs were incubated with estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days to induce decidualization. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were compared between the non-decidualized ESCs and the decidualized ESCs. Of 482,005 CpGs, only 23 CpGs (0.0048%) showed different DNA methylation statuses. The DNA methylation statuses of the differentially expressed genes and the regions with different histone modifications (H3K4 tri-methylation and H3K27 acetylation) were also compared between the ESCs. In the upregulated and downregulated genes in decidualized ESCs, DNA methylation statuses around the promoter region of the genes did not significantly differ between the ESCs. In the regions with different histone modification, DNA methylation statuses did not differ between the ESCs. The differentially expressed genes and the differential histone modification regions were hypomethylated.ConclusionsCulturing ESCs with estrogen/progesterone did not distort the physiological pattern of DNA methylation, although mRNA expression and histone modifications were dynamically altered. A genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed stable DNA methylation statuses during decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells. DNA hypomethylation is maintained for the variable changes of histone modifications and gene expression during decidualization.
Highlights
During decidualization in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), expressions of a number of genes and epigenetic modifications of histones are altered
We found that active marks of histone modifications such as histone H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) and histone H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) dramatically changed in ESCs during decidualization, and these histone modifications were associated with the changes of gene expression [5]
Genome-wide Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profiles of ESCs To assess the overall patterns of DNA methylation, we examined the DNA methylation levels of 482,005 CpGs in the ESCs
Summary
During decidualization in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), expressions of a number of genes and epigenetic modifications of histones are altered. We examined the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in ESCs during decidualization and their associations with the changes of gene expressions and histone modifications. The expressions of a number of genes change during decidualization, suggesting that decidualization is accompanied by dramatic changes of cell functions. Gene expression includes a change of chromatin structure, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications [3, 4]. We found that active marks of histone modifications such as histone H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) and histone H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) dramatically changed in ESCs during decidualization, and these histone modifications were associated with the changes of gene expression [5]
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