Abstract
BackgroundPhytohormones are the key factors regulating vascular development in plants, and they are also involved in tension wood (TW) formation. Although the theory of hormone distribution in TW formation is widely supported, the effects of endogenous hormones on TW formation have not yet been assessed. In this study, TW formation was induced in Catalpa bungei by artificial bending. The phytohormone content of TW, opposite wood (OW) and normal wood (NW) was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and transcriptome sequencing was performed. The hormone content and related gene expression data were comprehensively analyzed.ResultsThe results of analyses of the plant hormone contents indicated significantly higher levels of cis-zeatin (cZ), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in TW than in OW. Genes involved in the IAA and ABA synthesis pathways, such as ALDH (evm.model.group5.1511) and UGT (evm.model.scaffold36.20), were significantly upregulated in TW. and the expression levels of ARF (evm.model.group5.1332), A-ARR (evm.model.group0.1600), and TCH4 (evm.model.group2.745), which participate in IAA, cZ and Brassinolide (BR) signal transduction, were significantly increased in TW. In particular, ARF expression may be regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the HD-ZIP transcription factor ATHB-15.ConclusionsWe constructed a multiple hormone-mediated network of C. bungei TW formation based on hormone levels and transcriptional expression profiles were identified during TW formation.
Highlights
Phytohormones are the key factors regulating vascular development in plants, and they are involved in tension wood (TW) formation
Reaction wood is classified into tension wood (TW) and compression wood according to the orientation of the stress in the xylem [3]
The vessel size was smaller and the vessel length and width were significantly smaller in TW than in the opposite wood (OW) and normal wood (NW)
Summary
Phytohormones are the key factors regulating vascular development in plants, and they are involved in tension wood (TW) formation. The discovery of reaction wood provided a new approach for use by researchers to study the mechanism of wood formation [1, 2]. The physical and chemical properties of TW are very different from normal wood (NW). Studies have reported a low lignin content and high arabinogalactan protein content in TW [7, 8]. The processing of wood containing TW is fraught with problems, such as cracking. The processing of wood containing TW is fraught with problems such as cracking restricting its use as high-quality timber. TW provides the basis for exploring the processes of wood development that result in unique physical and chemical properties. Studies examining the mechanism of TW formation are very important
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