Abstract
Histone acetylation is a dynamic modification process co-regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Although HDACs play vital roles in abiotic or biotic stress responses, their members in Triticum aestivum and their response to plant viruses remain unknown. Here, we identified and characterized 49 T. aestivum HDACs (TaHDACs) at the whole-genome level. Based on phylogenetic analyses, TaHDACs could be divided into 5 clades, and their protein spatial structure was integral and conserved. Chromosomal location and synteny analyses showed that TaHDACs were widely distributed on wheat chromosomes, and gene duplication has accelerated the TaHDAC gene family evolution. The cis-acting element analysis indicated that TaHDACs were involved in hormone response, light response, abiotic stress, growth, and development. Heatmaps analysis of RNA-sequencing data showed that TaHDAC genes were involved in biotic or abiotic stress response. Selected TaHDACs were differentially expressed in diverse tissues or under varying temperature conditions. All selected TaHDACs were significantly upregulated following infection with the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV), and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), suggesting their involvement in response to viral infections. Furthermore, TaSRT1-silenced contributed to increasing wheat resistance against CWMV infection. In summary, these findings could help deepen the understanding of the structure and characteristics of the HDAC gene family in wheat and lay the foundation for exploring the function of TaHDACs in plants resistant to viral infections.
Highlights
Histone N-terminal tails harbor a variety of posttranslational modification sites for acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, methylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, biotinylation, carbonylation, and ADP-ribosylation [1,2,3]
We found that 21 T. aestivum HDACs (TaHDACs) genes exhibited a synteny relationship, and these paralogous gene pairs were unevenly distributed on each wheat chromosome (Figure 2 and Table S1), which likely contributes to the expansion of the TaHDAC gene family
We identified 49 TaHDACs at the genome-wide level, which could be divided into 5 clades
Summary
Histone N-terminal tails harbor a variety of posttranslational modification sites for acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, methylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, biotinylation, carbonylation, and ADP-ribosylation [1,2,3]. It is well known that histone acetylation plays a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are dynamic and reversible biological processes that affect chromatin function and structure [6,7]. HDACs are key enzymes involved in the acetylation process and are widely distributed in eukaryotes, including yeasts, animals, and plants. The first histone deacetylation gene, called human HDAC1, was isolated and cloned from human
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