Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the OPR Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Yifei Mou,Chengshe Wang,Shanshan Wen,Qiping Guo,Shujun Tian,Yuanyuan Liu

doi:10.3390/ijms20081914

Yifei Mou, Chengshe Wang + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081914

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Abstract

The 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs), which belong to the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family, are flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent oxidoreductases with critical functions in plants. Despite the clear characteristics of growth and development, as well as the defense responses in Arabidopsis, tomato, rice, and maize, the potential roles of OPRs in wheat are not fully understood. Here, forty-eight putative OPR genes were found and classified into five subfamilies, with 6 in sub. I, 4 in sub. II, 33 in sub. III, 3 in sub. IV, and 2 in sub. V. Similar gene structures and conserved protein motifs of TaOPRs in wheat were identified in the same subfamilies. An analysis of cis-acting elements in promoters revealed that the functions of OPRs in wheat were mostly related to growth, development, hormones, biotic, and abiotic stresses. A total of 14 wheat OPR genes were identified as tandem duplicated genes, while 37 OPR genes were segmentally duplicated genes. The expression patterns of TaOPRs were tissue- and stress-specific, and the expression of TaOPRs could be regulated or induced by phytohormones and various stresses. Therefore, there were multiple wheat OPR genes, classified into five subfamilies, with functional diversification and specific expression patterns, and to our knowledge, this was the first study to systematically investigate the wheat OPR gene family. The findings not only provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive understanding of the wheat OPR gene family, but could also be helpful for screening more candidate genes and breeding new varieties of wheat, with a high yield and stress resistance.

Highlights

Jasmonates (JAs) are a kind of lipid-derived signaling molecules in plants and function in response to various stresses, as well as plant growth and development [1,2]
A total of 55 TaOPRs were identified by local BLASTP using HMM profiles, and at last, 48 putative TaOPRs were confirmed by detecting the Oxidored_FMN conserved domain via Pfam and the NCBI-CD database
We found that the exon/intron structures in the TaOPR genes varied among diverse subfamilies but were relatively conserved with in the same subfamily

Summary

Introduction

Jasmonates (JAs) are a kind of lipid-derived signaling molecules in plants and function in response to various stresses, as well as plant growth and development [1,2]. Jasmonic acid and related derivatives act as regulators in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, such as the attack of the hessian fly, aphid, pathogen, salt, low and high temperatures, and wounding [3,4] They play a vital role in tendril coiling, fruit ripening, pollen maturation, root growth, and seed germination [5,6]. OPR genes belong to the OYE family and are classified as FMN-dependent oxidoreductases, with multiple subfamilies in plants [7]. According to the phylogenetic analysis of six major green plants (green algae, mosses, lycophytes, gymnosperms, monocots, and dicots), the OPR genes were classified into seven conserved subfamilies. In previous studies, based on the substrate specificity, the OPRs in Arabidopsis thaliana were divided into two groups, group I (OPRI) and group

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Discussion

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