Abstract
Amine oxidases (AOs) including copper containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) and FAD-dependent polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are associated with polyamine catabolism in the peroxisome, apoplast and cytoplasm and play an essential role in growth and developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we identified PAO genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), T. urartu and Aegilops tauschii and reported the genome organization, evolutionary features and expression profiles of the wheat PAO genes (TaPAO). Expression analysis using publicly available RNASeq data showed that TaPAO genes are expressed redundantly in various tissues and developmental stages. A large percentage of TaPAOs respond significantly to abiotic stresses, especially temperature (i.e. heat and cold stress). Some TaPAOs were also involved in response to other stresses such as powdery mildew, stripe rust and Fusarium infection. Overall, TaPAOs may have various functions in stress tolerances responses, and play vital roles in different tissues and developmental stages. Our results provided a reference for further functional investigation of TaPAO proteins.
Highlights
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD genome), is one of the most important cereal crops
We examined the expression of the wheat polyamine oxidases (PAOs) genes over different tissues and developmental stages and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses
In order to identify the evolutionary relationships between PAO members, a phylogenetic tree of 63 PAO protein sequences belonging to T. aestivum, T. urartu, A. tauschii, O. sativa, B. distachyon, H. vulgare, Z. mays and A. thaliana was constructed using protein sequences based on the neighbor-joining method
Summary
It is constantly exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses such as heat, cold, salinity, drought and various fungal diseases. These stresses reduce growth and yield and may cause plant death. It is essential to understand how wheat adapts and survives in stressful environments, and to develop methods to increase its tolerance under environmental stresses [1]. Main PAs in cells include diamine putrescine (Put), triamine spermidine (Spd), tetramines spermine (Spm), cadaverine (Cad) and thermospermine (T-Spm). Due to their cationic nature, polyamines are capable of binding to negatively charged molecules such as RNA and DNA and affect gene expression, protein
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