Abstract
The closely related species Brassica rapa and B. oleracea encompass a wide range of vegetable, fodder and oil crops. The release of their reference genomes has facilitated resequencing collections of B. rapa and B. oleracea aiming to build their variome datasets. These data can be used to investigate the evolutionary relationships between and within the different species and the domestication of the crops, hereafter named morphotypes. These data can also be used in genetic studies aiming at the identification of genes that influence agronomic traits. We selected and resequenced 199 B. rapa and 119 B. oleracea accessions representing 12 and nine morphotypes, respectively. Based on these resequencing data, we obtained 2,249,473 and 3,852,169 high quality SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms), as well as 303,617 and 417,004 InDels for the B. rapa and B. oleracea populations, respectively. The variome datasets of B. rapa and B. oleracea represent valuable resources to researchers working on evolution, domestication or breeding of Brassica vegetable crops.
Highlights
Background & SummaryMany important crops have been domesticated and are cultivated from the genus Brassica, including those used as oilseeds, condiments, fodder, or vegetables
Three of the six species are diploids (A genome, Brassica rapa, n = 10; B genome, B. nigra, n = 8; and C genome, B. oleracea, n = 9), while the other three species are allotetraploids resulting from interspecific hybridization between the diploids (AB genomes, B. juncea, n = 18; AC genomes, B. napus, n = 19; BC genomes, B. carinata, n = 17)
Similar morphotypes are often selected for in two or more Brassica species, clearly illustrating convergent crop domestication. This includes the leafy heads in Chinese cabbage (B. rapa) and cabbage (B. oleracea) and tubers at stems or hypocotyls/roots in kohlrabi’s (B. oleracea), swede’s (B. napus) and turnips (B. rapa), enlarged stems in marrow stem kale (B. oleracea) and broccoletto (B. rapa), enlarged inflorescences in cauliflower and broccoli’s (B. oleracea), the many axillary shoots in Brussels sprouts (B. oleracea) and mizuna/mibuna’s (B. rapa) and the increased numbers of enlarged seedpods in oilseed (B. rapa and B. napus)
Summary
Background & SummaryMany important crops have been domesticated and are cultivated from the genus Brassica, including those used as oilseeds, condiments, fodder, or vegetables. The availability of these reference genomes made it possible to build variome datasets by resequencing populations of B. rapa and B. oleracea, to investigate domestication of the diverse morphotypes. We selected 199 B. rapa and 119 B. oleracea accessions representing the 12 and nine morphotypes from these two species, respectively (Fig. 1, Supplementary Tables 1 and 2).
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