Abstract
The marine bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas is known for their ability to produce antimicrobial compounds. The metabolite-producing capacity of Pseudoalteromonas has been associated with strain pigmentation; however, the genomic basis of their antimicrobial capacity remains to be explained. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of six Pseudoalteromonas strains (three pigmented and three non-pigmented), with the purpose of identifying biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) associated to compounds we detected via microbial interactions along through MS-based molecular networking. The genomes were assembled and annotated using the SPAdes and RAST pipelines and mined for the identification of gene clusters involved in secondary metabolism using the antiSMASH database. Nineteen BGCs were detected for each non-pigmented strain, while more than thirty BGCs were found for two of the pigmented strains. Among these, the groups of genes of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) that code for bromoalterochromides stand out the most. Our results show that all strains possess BGCs for the production of secondary metabolites, and a considerable number of distinct polyketide synthases (PKS) and NRPS clusters are present in pigmented strains. Furthermore, the molecular networking analyses revealed two new molecules produced during microbial interactions: the dibromoalterochromides D/D’ (11–12).
Highlights
Marine natural products-based drug discovery was initially focused on macroorganisms such as algae, corals, sponges, and mollusks [1]
JCM 20,779 (MIBiG: BGC0000314), and we identified homologous genes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound in the sequenced strains (Figure 3D) suggesting that the biosynthetic machinery for bromoalterochromides is present in CO342X and CO348 like in P. piscicida JCM 20779
The known bromoalterochromides were detected in against C. albicans, A. fumigatus, S. aureus, and E. coli. These findings suggest that Pseudoalteromonas compounds could provide a defensive barrier against pathogens which will be useful for the host the interaction between the strains CO348 against C. albicans
Summary
Marine natural products-based drug discovery was initially focused on macroorganisms such as algae, corals, sponges, and mollusks [1]. This approach has gradually expanded to the study of microorganisms associated to invertebrates and other animals that constitute a large portion of marine biodiversity. In particular octocoral-associated microbes, a prolific source of natural products with fascinating and unusual chemical structures and bioactivities, have become of interest to many drug discovery programs [2,3,4]. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 456; doi:10.3390/md18090456 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 456 bioactive compounds belong to the genera Streptomyces (Actinobacteria), Bacillus (Firmicutes), Vibrio, and Pseudoalteromonas (Gammaproteobacteria), all obtained in culture
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