Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of Abrus precatorius: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia.

Fahad Al-Qurainy,Salim Khan,Mohamed Tarroum,Norah S Alfarraj,Saleh Alansi,Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar,Mohammad Nadeem

doi:10.3390/plants11040567

Fahad Al-Qurainy, Salim Khan + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040567

Copy DOI

Journal: Plants (Basel, Switzerland)	Publication Date: Feb 21, 2022
Citations: 5	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: King Saud University

Abstract

Abrus precatorius is considered to be a valuable source of natural products for the development of drugs against various diseases. Herein, the genome size and phytochemical compounds in the leaves and callus of A. precatorius were evaluated. The endangered A. precatorius was collected from the Al-Baha mountains, Saudi Arabia and identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of a DNA sequence amplified by ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The callus was induced by the culture of stem explants onto Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The callus with the highest fresh weight (2.03 g) was obtained in the medium containing 0.5µM BA and 5 µM 2,4-D after 8 weeks of culture; thus, the callus of this combination was selected for the genome estimation and phytochemical compound extraction. The genetic stability of the leaves from the donor as well as in the regenerated callus was analyzed by flow cytometry with optimized tomato (2C = 1.96 pg) as an external reference standard. The 2C DNA content was estimated to 1.810 pg ± 0.008 and 1.813 pg ± 0.004 for the leaves and callus, respectively. Then, the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of the callus and leaves were measured using a spectrophotometer and the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) methods. The results showed that the methanolic extract of the leaves was higher in total phenols and total flavonoids than the callus extract. Finally, the extracts of callus and leaves were analyzed for phytochemical compound through the Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 22 and 28 compounds were detected in the callus and leaves, respectively. The comparative analysis showed that 12 compounds of the secondary metabolites were present in both extracts.

Highlights

Introduction iationsSaudi Arabia is one of the richest biodiversity areas on the Arabian Peninsula that comprises a very important genetic resource
Molecular Phylogenetic Identification of Abrus precatorius identify the species of our collected plant, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
The stems were used as explant sources for the callus induction and the leaves were harvested for further use

Summary

Introduction

Introduction iationsSaudi Arabia is one of the richest biodiversity areas on the Arabian Peninsula that comprises a very important genetic resource. A total of 2250 species belonging to 142 families are represented in the flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There are 242 endemic and 600 rare and endangered species [1]. Rare and endangered species are classified according to the percentage of frequency. A species is considered as endangered when one or more of its populations have declined, whereas a species becoming extinct is considered as rare [2]. Abrus Precatorius is one of the endangered plant species of the flora of Saudi Arabia [3,4]. In the Al Baha region of Saudi Arabia, Al-Khulaidi et al [2] noted that the frequency percentage and the density per hectare of Abrus Precatorius were 0.31 and

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion