Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the First Bovine Rhinitis B Virus Isolate in China.

Shao-Lun Zhai,Xiao-Hui Wen,Wen-Kang Wei,Gang Wang,Qi Zhai,Dian-Hong Lv,Qin-Ling Chen,Yi-Lun Xie

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.721284

Shao-Lun Zhai, Xiao-Hui Wen + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.721284

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Abstract

Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) is an emerging viral species in the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae. Studies suggested that BRBV was considered a potential etiological agent of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). BRBV has been reported in the United States, Sweden, Canada, Japan, and Mexico. However, little information of BRBV was available in China. In this study, we performed viral metagenomic analysis in a calf with respiratory disease. The results showed high abundance (3.85) of BRBV nucleotide and 248 mapped reads in calf samples. Online BLASTn analysis showed that three contigs of those had the highest nucleotide similarity (95%) with one Swedish BRBV isolate (BRBV_SWE1, GenBank accession no. KY432299). To identify the genome characterization of the Chinese BRBV isolate (designated CHN1), six couples of overlapping RT-PCR primers were designed according to genome sequences of BRBV_SWE1. Through gene cloning and splicing, we obtained the genome information of CHN1, possessing 7,465 nucleotides (46.6% G+C). Although CHN1 had the highest nucleotide similarity (95.1%) with BRBV_SWE1, one 11-nucleotide (ACATTTGTTGT) deletion occurred in the 5′ untranslated region compared to SWE1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CHN1 clustered together with BRBV_SWE1, and far from other BRBV isolates. This study recorded the first discovery of BRBV infection in China. Further investigation should be made in order to evaluate the infection status and epidemiological significance of BRBV in China.

Highlights

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), an important multifactorial disease involving complex interactions between the animal, the pathogens, and the environment, severely affected the world bovine industry economically
Despite the aggressive use of antibiotics and vaccines against the above pathogens, the morbidity and mortality rates of BRD among feedlot cattle have remained steady [3]. This may be due to the etiological role of some new pathogens including bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV3), influenza D virus (IDV), and bovine rhinitis virus (BRV) [9]
The results showed high abundance (3.85) of Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) nucleotide and 248 mapped reads in the calf samples

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), an important multifactorial disease involving complex interactions between the animal, the pathogens, and the environment, severely affected the world bovine industry economically. The BRD complex accounts for ∼70–80% of morbidity in the Unites States and 84.5–99.9% of morbidity in Mexican feedlot cattle [3, 4]. In Canada, over 80% of the vaccines licensed for cattle are applied for control and prevention of BRD [5, 6]. Despite the aggressive use of antibiotics and vaccines against the above pathogens, the morbidity and mortality rates of BRD among feedlot cattle have remained steady [3]. This may be due to the etiological role of some new pathogens including bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV3), influenza D virus (IDV), and bovine rhinitis virus (BRV) [9]. A nearly complete genome sequence of the first Chinese BRBV isolates was obtained and characterized

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ETHICS STATEMENT