Abstract
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes some of the most infamous insect pests of cultivated plants including Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua. To effectively develop targeted pest control strategies for diverse Spodoptera species, genomic resources are highly desired. To this aim, we provide the genome assembly and developmental transcriptome comprising all major life stages of S. exigua, the beet armyworm. Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous herbivore that can feed on > 130 host plants, including several economically important crops. The 419 Mb beet armyworm genome was sequenced from a female S. exigua pupa. Using a hybrid genome sequencing approach (Nanopore long-read data and Illumina short read), a high-quality genome assembly was achieved (N50 = 1.1 Mb). An official gene set (18,477 transcripts) was generated by automatic annotation and by using transcriptomic RNA-seq datasets of 18 S. exigua samples as supporting evidence. In-depth analyses of developmental stage-specific expression combined with gene tree analyses of identified homologous genes across Lepidoptera genomes revealed four potential genes of interest (three of them Spodoptera-specific) upregulated during first- and third-instar larval stages for targeted pest-outbreak management. The beet armyworm genome sequence and developmental transcriptome covering all major developmental stages provide critical insights into the biology of this devastating polyphagous insect pest species worldwide. In addition, comparative genomic analyses across Lepidoptera significantly advance our knowledge to further control other invasive Spodoptera species and reveals potential lineage-specific target genes for pest control strategies.
Highlights
Analysis of genome and transcriptome data can be used to study many important questions ranging from species-specific mutations to comparative genomic evolutionary patterns
Spodoptera exigua specimens originated from a stock rearing of the Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, which was initiated in July 2014 using pupae from a large continuous rearing, kindly provided by Andermatt Biocontrol (Switzerland)
Based on the differential gene expression analyses, we identified developmental stage-specific or sex-specific transcriptional profiles
Summary
Analysis of genome and transcriptome data can be used to study many important questions ranging from species-specific mutations to comparative genomic evolutionary patterns. Spodoptera exigua originated in Southern Asia and was subsequently introduced to other parts of the world including North America and Europe (Mehrkhou et al 2012; Fu et al.2017). It is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions and migrates into more temperate regions throughout the growing season (Pogue 2002). It can be abundant in greenhouses (Smits et al 1986)
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