Abstract
Standard urine culture (SUC) is a widespread diagnostic test. According to various guidelines, SUC is not a recommended first-line diagnostic tool for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, its results are valuable in patients with complicated UTIs, hospitalized patients, and those who failed empirical antibiotic therapy. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has reaffirmed the urine culture as the gold standard in UTI workup. Nevertheless, turn-around-time and cost-effectiveness of SUC are the main incentives for continuous exploration of new, faster, and more sensitive procedures for evaluating the count and species of microorganisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Therefore, we considered it important to write a review that analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art UTI diagnostics. We aim to compare standard cultivation methods with diagnostic modalities based on multiplex PCR, 16S RNA genes sequencing, and next-generation sequencing suitable for analyzing whole urinary microbiomes.
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