Abstract
Circadian rhythm sleep wake disorders present with symptoms of insomnia and excessive sleepiness due to an alteration in the circadian timing system resulting in desynchronization between the timing of endogenous circadian rhythms with the 24h external environment. Jet lag and shift work sleep disorders occur as a response to changes in entrainment cues or perturbations of normal sleep and wake times, whereas advanced sleep-wake phase disorder (ASWPD) and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) are thought to be primarily due to fundamental changes in the regulation of circadian timing. ASWPD and DSWPD are characterized by persistent advances or delays of the sleep and wake period. Genetic study of familial and nonfamilial ASWPD and DSWPD has demonstrated heritability of these disorders and identified variants in known circadian and non-circadian genes causing these circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
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