Abstract
Groundnut is an important food and oil crop in the semiarid tropics, contributing to household food consumption and cash income. In Asia and Africa, yields are low attributed to various production constraints. This review paper highlights advances in genetics, genomics and breeding to improve the productivity of groundnut. Genetic studies concerning inheritance, genetic variability and heritability, combining ability and trait correlations have provided a better understanding of the crop's genetics to develop appropriate breeding strategies for target traits. Several improved lines and sources of variability have been identified or developed for various economically important traits through conventional breeding. Significant advances have also been made in groundnut genomics including genome sequencing, marker development and genetic and trait mapping. These advances have led to a better understanding of the groundnut genome, discovery of genes/variants for traits of interest and integration of marker‐assisted breeding for selected traits. The integration of genomic tools into the breeding process accompanied with increased precision of yield trialing and phenotyping will increase the efficiency and enhance the genetic gain for release of improved groundnut varieties.
Highlights
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), known as peanut, is a member of genus Arachis and family Leguminosae (Krapovickas & Gregory, 1994)
Significant progress has been made in groundnut genetics, genomics and breeding, contributing to the increased productivity and production of groundnut globally the rate of increase varies among regions
Large numbers of groundnut lines were identified or developed as sources of variability for important traits and many improved varieties were released for target environments by breeding programmes
Summary
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), known as peanut, is a member of genus Arachis and family Leguminosae (Krapovickas & Gregory, 1994). QTL analysis studies to date have reported the identification of more than 1,380 small and major effect QTLs (Table 2) for various traits including agronomic and yield component traits (e.g., Luo, Xu, et al, 2017; Selvaraj et al, 2009), quality traits (e.g., Sarvamangala et al, 2011; Shasidhar et al, 2017), biotic stress resistance (e.g., Khedikar et al, 2010; Kolekar et al, 2016; Pandey, Wang, et al, 2017; Pandey, Khan, et al, 2017; Zhou et al, 2016) and abiotic stress resistance mainly for drought‐related traits (e.g., Leal‐Bertioli et al, 2016; Varshney et al, 2009) Another significant advance in groundnut genomics has been the release of the draft genome sequences of the 1.1 Gb genome size for A‐genome progenitor (A. duranensis, accession V14167) and 1.38 Gb for B‐genome progenitor (A. ipaensis, accession K30076) (Bertioli et al, 2016). K 9484 (PI 298639) × GKBSPSc 30081 (PI 468327) in A. batizocoi Florunner × TxAG‐6 {[A. batizocoi K9484 × (A. cardenasii GKP10017 × A. diogoi GKP10602)]4×} ICG 12991 × ICGV‐ SM 93541 [Fleur 11 × (A. ipaënsis × A. duranensis)4×] Yueyou 13 × Zhenzhuhei TAG 24 × ICGV 86031
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