Abstract
The current consensus for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is that high-quality diets and adherence to a healthy lifestyle provide significant health benefits. Remarkably, however, there is little agreement on the proportions of macronutrients in the diet that should be recommended to people suffering from pre-diabetes or T2DM. We herein discuss emerging evidence that underscores the importance of gene-diet interactions in the improvement of glycemic biomarkers in T2DM. We propose that we can achieve better glycemic control in T2DM patients by coupling Mediterranean diets to genetic information as a predictor for optimal diet macronutrient composition in a personalized manner. We provide evidence to support this concept by presenting a case study of a T2DM patient who achieved rapid glycemic control when adhered to a personalized, genetically-guided Mediterranean Diet.
Highlights
Long considered a disease of minor significance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently represents a major threat to human health with an estimated number of 425 million adult patients and four million deaths globally in 2017
The opposite effect was observed in the low-fat diet group, in this group the T allele was marginally associated with insulin and HOMA-B, 757 nondiabetic individuals who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 energy-restricted diets that differed in macronutrient composition fat) and high-fat diet (40% fat)
G homozygotes for pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 (PCSK7) gene variant rs236918 who were assigned to a high-carbohydrate diet displayed a greater decrease in fasting insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than non-carriers [25]
Summary
Long considered a disease of minor significance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently represents a major threat to human health with an estimated number of 425 million adult patients and four million deaths globally in 2017. We provide evidence to support this concept by presenting a case study of a T2DM patient who achieved rapid glycaemic control when adhered to a personalized, genetically-guided. #. The opposite effect was observed in the low-fat diet group, in this group the T allele was marginally associated with insulin and HOMA-B, 757 nondiabetic individuals who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 energy-restricted diets that differed in macronutrient composition [29]. Participants genetically prone to high coffee consumption may benefit more by eating a low-fat diet in improving fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in a short term (Actual coffee consumption was not taken into account). Participants with a higher genetic risk may benefit more by eating a low-fat diet to improve glucose metabolism. The opposite effect observed with MedDiet didn’t reach statistical significance
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