Abstract
BackgroundBovine enteroviruses (BEV) are members of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. They are predominantly isolated from cattle feces, but also are detected in feces of other animals, including goats and deer. These viruses are found in apparently healthy animals, as well as in animals with clinical signs and several studies reported recently suggest a potential role of BEV in causing disease in animals. In this study, we surveyed the presence of BEV in domestic and wild animals in Thailand, and assessed their genetic variability.MethodsViral RNA was extracted from fecal samples of cattle, domestic goats, Indian bison (gaurs), and deer. The 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) was amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific to BEV 5’UTR. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically using the neighbor-joining algorithm to observe genetic variations in regions of the bovine and bovine-like enteroviral 5’UTR found in this study.ResultsBEV and BEV-like sequences were detected in the fecal samples of cattle (40/60, 67 %), gaurs (3/30, 10 %), and goats (11/46, 24 %). Phylogenetic analyses of the partial 5’UTR sequences indicated that different BEV variants (both EV-E and EV-F species) co-circulated in the domestic cattle, whereas the sequences from gaurs and goats clustered according to the animal species, suggesting that these viruses are host species-specific.ConclusionsVarieties of BEV and BEV-like 5’UTR sequences were detected in fecal samples from both domestic and wild animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the genetic variability of BEV in Thailand.
Highlights
Bovine enteroviruses (BEV) are members of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae
The 5’ untranslated region (5’untranslated regions (UTRs)) is a relatively conserved genomic region that varies between enteroviruses, making it useful for the detection and primary classification of the genus Enterovirus into groups, such as human, porcine, simian, and bovine enteroviruses [5,6,7,8]
Detection of BEV 5’UTR Partial nucleotide fragments of BEV and BEV-like 5’UTR were detected in fecal samples from domestic cattle (40/60, 67 %), wild gaurs (3/30, 10 %), and domestic goats (11/46, 24 %), but not in any of the deer samples tested in this study
Summary
Bovine enteroviruses (BEV) are members of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae They are predominantly isolated from cattle feces, and are detected in feces of other animals, including goats and deer. In addition to the single cloverleaf structure found in the 5’UTR of all enteroviruses, the BEV 5’UTR contains two cloverleaf structures (domains I and I*), which are separated by a simple stem-loop structure (domain I**) This additional structure arises from an insertion of about 110 nucleotides in the area between the 5’ cloverleaf structure and the IRES region. Based on this typical 5’UTR characteristic, the BEV are classified phylogenetically as their own group in the genus Enterovirus [5]. BEV and other enteroviruses can be further classified into species, genotypes, or serotypes by molecular studies of capsid protein sequences, VP1, VP2, and VP3 [5, 10, 11]
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