Abstract
Background and Aim:Baung fish is an essential commodity in Indonesia; however, few studies have explored the genetic diversity of Indonesian catfish. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among Indonesian catfish based on the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene.Materials and Methods:In total, 28 catfish were collected from nine rivers in seven provinces and from the Indian Ocean. Catfish genomes were obtained from epaxial and hepaxial muscle samples. The mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using a pair of primers (Baung12SF and Baung12SR). The 12S rRNA sequences were analyzed using MEGA X to determine genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships.Results:In total, 178 variation sites in the 12S rRNA gene were substituted among Indonesian catfish. The genetic distance between all Indonesian catfish samples was 0.1-16.0%. The closest genetic distance was between MP and PM catfish, whereas the farthest genetic distances were between BF and EM and PD and EM. For the entire population, based on mean diversity calculations, the number of base substitutions per site was 0.08.Conclusion:Indonesian catfish were divided into four clades based on the 12S rRNA gene. The catfish MP, KR, PM, MS, BB, and KS were grouped with Hemibagrus nemurus, the catfish EM was grouped with Mystus vittatus, the catfish BSBJ was grouped with Pangasius pangasius, and the catfish PD and BF were grouped with Netuma thalassina.
Highlights
Indonesia is a country with enormous biodiversity (i.e., “mega biodiversity”)
The catfish MP, KR, PM, MS, BB, and KS were grouped with Hemibagrus nemurus, the catfish EM was grouped with Mystus vittatus, the catfish BSBJ was grouped with Pangasius pangasius, and the catfish PD and BF were grouped with Netuma thalassina
Genetic variation of Indonesian catfish based on the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene
Summary
Around 16% of the world’s fish species are found in Indonesia, and 2000 of these 7000 fish species are freshwater fish. The freshwater fish population of Indonesia is second only to that of Brazil [1]. Baung fish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is an essential commodity in Indonesia because it is widely consumed and contains essential nutrients. Baung fish are a valuable source of protein, lipids (with large amounts of omega-3, omega-6, monounsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid), minerals, albumin, and antioxidants [2,3,4]. Baung fish is an essential commodity in Indonesia; few studies have explored the genetic diversity of Indonesian catfish. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among Indonesian catfish based on the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene
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