Abstract
Aim of study: Improvement of barley cultivars for malting traits suffers from narrow genetic pool in barley for these traits. Landraces are resources that could be used for this purpose. The present study was conducted to determine the variation for malting quality traits within a Turkish barley landrace. Area of study: The study was undertaken in Tokat, a province in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Material and methods: Twenty-five diverse lines, out of 42 unique genotypes previously identified in ‘Tokak’ landrace (PI 470281) based on DNA markers, were evaluated for malting quality traits along with the malting barley cv. ‘Tokak 157/37’ in four field trials. Thousand-seed weight, test weight, grain yield, lodging, malt extract percentage, diastatic power, alpha amylase and malt beta glucanase activities, malt protein and starch contents were determined. Main results: Principal component analysis of malting quality traits revealed that thousand-seed weight, alpha amylase activity, beta glucanase activity and diastatic power were the most discriminatory traits for the lines. As the average of four trials, 15 of the 25 lines evaluated had higher grain yields and 10 of 25 lines had higher malt extract percentages than the standard cultivar ‘Tokak 157/37’. Malt extract was highest in Line 59 in all environments, and this line also had the highest values for beta glucanase activity and starch content. Line 215 had highest values for alpha amylase activity. Lines 59 and 215 clearly had superior malting quality. Research highlights: These lines could harbor novel alleles for these traits to be used in malting barley improvement.
Highlights
Plant breeding is based on genetic variations
In a previous work (Kandemir et al, 2010), a total of 46 different genotypes had been found among 52 plants examined using SSR markers from PI 470281, a barley landrace of Turkey
Genetic variations in crop plants have been significantly narrowed during the development of modern cultivars with plant breeding
Summary
Plant breeding is based on genetic variations. There is a need to widen the genetic base of plant breeding programs (Langridge & Waugh, 2019). Landraces and wild relatives are the sources that could be harnessed to widen the genetic base of crops. Introgressed chromosomal segments of wild relatives have poor recombination with their homeologous counterparts in the developed cultivar receiving those segments. On the other hand, do not have the problem of chromosomal recombination when crossed to cultivars. They do not have deleterious genes impacting yield and quality that could be introgressed into the developed cultivar because of linkage drag. Sonmezoglu, Ahmet Yildirim and Nejdet Kandemir crop improvement programs is more advantageous (Mikić et al, 2016)
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