Abstract
This study analyzed the genetic variability, inbreeding and population structure of the Tunisian–North African dairy sheep breed, the Sicilo-Sarde (SS), created by crossing the Sarda and Comisana dairy breeds. The level of variability in the SS, considered as an endangered breed after a dramatic decrease, was assessed using 17 microsatellite markers by analyzing the two breed populations sampled from their respective cradles: SS of Beja (SSB, n = 27) and SS of Mateur (SSM, n = 25). High levels of genetic diversity in SS were revealed, with a total of 212 alleles, a high mean number of alleles (12.47 ± 4.17) and a high average polymorphism information content (PIC) (0.81 ± 0.10). The observed heterozygosity was considerable in SSB and SSM (0.795 and 0.785, respectively). The inbreeding level measured by the population inbreeding coefficient FIS is higher in the SSM population (0.121) than in the SSB population (0.090). The higher genetic diversity level detected in SSB reflected the effect of new Italian Sarda genes introduced by intra-uterine artificial insemination recently practiced in this population. The Wilcoxon test and the mode-shift distribution indicated that the SS breed is a non-bottlenecked population. The structural analysis reflected the historical miscegenation practiced during the breed creation and highlighted further ancient miscegenation, which could date back to the first waves of sheep introduction to the western Mediterranean region. Microsatellite markers were successfully applied in the assessment of the genetic variability of SS and should be used in monitoring this variability during the application of conservation strategies.
Highlights
Following terrestrial and Mediterranean roads, the Neolithic culture characterized by sheep and goat milk consumption become widespread and reached the west Mediterranean basin in the seventh millennium [3,4]
The result of the genetic variability parameters revealed that the microsatellites panel used in this study was highly informative and appropriate for characterizing the unique Tunisian and North African dairy breed
We investigated the genetic variability level, the demographic bottleneck genetic signature and the population structure of the Tunisian Sicilo-Sarde dairy sheep breed using microsatellites analysis
Summary
Milk became available for human consumption, since the onset of the Neolithic, between 12,000 and 9000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent identified as a domestication center [1,2]. Following terrestrial and Mediterranean roads, the Neolithic culture characterized by sheep and goat milk consumption become widespread and reached the west Mediterranean basin in the seventh millennium [3,4]. Since that time and until today, ized by sheep and goat milk consumption become widespread and reached the west Mediterranean basin in the seventh millennium [3,4]. Since that time and until today, dairy dsahiereypshfaerempifnagrmhiansgbheaens bceoenncecnotnrcaetendtraintetdhienMtheedMiteerdraitneerarannbeasninba[s4i–n7[]4. –N7o].wNaodwayasd, atyhsis, trheigsiorengeionncloesnecslo4s1e.4s%41o.4f %daoirfydeawireys,epwroeds,upcirnogduapcipnrgoxaipmpartoexlyim4a1t.4e%ly o4f1t.4h%e eonftitrheeweonrtlidre’s wshoereldp’smsihlkee[p7]m. BNreeevdesr.thNeleevsse,rtinhetlheesss,oiunththerensMouetdhietrenrrManeedainterrirvaen, eitawn arsivoen, liyt awtaths eonbelygiantntihneg boefgthinen1i7ntgh ocfetnhtue r1y7twhhceennttuhreyuwnhiqeunetdhaeiurynisqhueepdabirreyedshienepTubnreiseida ainndTuNnoisritahaAnfdriNcaowrthasAcfrreiactaewd absy ctrheeatIetadlibayntchoemItmaluiannitcyo, mspmecuifniictayl,lsypiencTifiucnailslyiai,ntoTmuneiestiat,hteoirmcheetetsheeciorncshuemespetcionsnuemedpsti[o8n]. OSfinthceistbhreeecrdeaintiothne onfotrhthiserbnreseudb-ihnutmheidnroergthioenrnofsuTbu-nhiusima,idspreecgifiiocnalloyf iTnutnhiesiBa,ejsapaencidficBaizlleyrtienrtehgeioBnesj,adaanirdy Bsihzeeerptefraergmiosnrse, mdaaiirny oshnetehpefharilmlssarnedmaininthone pthlaeihnisllosfanodritnhethrne pTluaninisiaof(nFiogruthrer1n),Tuwnitishiaa (sFeimgui-rex1te),nwsiivteh barseeemdiin-egxstyenstseimvesbtirleleudsiendg tsoydsateym, wsittihll suismedilatrodclaimy,awtiicthcosnimdiitliaorncslitmo athtiact coofnmdiotisotndsatiorythshateeopf mfaormst sdianirSyasrhdeinepiaf[a7r]m.
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