Genetic toxicology evaluation of commercial beers, III. SCE, chromosome aberrations, and forward mutation (HGPRT) of commercial beer products in CHO cells

Abstract

Concentrated organic residues extracted from 5 blended aliquots of commercial beers were evaluated for their ability to induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations and forward mutation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Each extract was prepared by blending 4 commercial beers of similar ingredients and brewing method, passing the beer pool over XAD-2 resin, extracting the resin and concentrating the extract. Studies were performed both with and without metabolic activation using variable amounts of reconstituted residues from 225-fold concentrates of the blended samples. CHO cultures were treated with 0.75 μl/ml through 10.0 μl/ml of the concentrates in the SCE assays, 1.0 μl/ml through 10.0 μl/ml of the extracts in the aberration assays and 2.5 μl/ml up to 20 μl/ml for forward mutation assays. In preliminary screening for SCE as an indicator of potential DNA damage, a significant increase was observed for 3 of 5 concentrated samples; however, no increase in SCE was induced by any of the 5 samples when S9 was added as a source of exogenous metabolic activation. More definitive tests for induction of genetic events, i.e., chromosome aberrations and forward HGPRT mutations, were negative for all 5 extracts whether or not S9 mix was present. Since SCE were not induced in tests with metabolic activation and since there was no concordant aberration or point mutation induction, the preliminary indication of potential DNA damage shown by elevated SCE under conditions without metabolic activation appears to have little biological significance.