Abstract
Human pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, greatly threaten human health. Mycobacterium infections are closely related to the host genetic background. Studies have indicated that host genes play important roles in Mycobacterium infections. Recently, a variety of genes have been identified to be associated with the susceptibility to Mycobacterium infections by genome-wide association studies, large-scale population-based case/control studies on candidate genes, family-based linkage studies and investigations of rare individuals with exceptional mycobacterial susceptibility, including interleukin (IL) -12B, IL-12RB1, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, TLRs, NOD2, MRC1, IRGM, NRAMP1, VDR, LTA4H, etc. Researches on these predisposing genes may contribute to the elucidation of immunologic mechanisms of Mycobacterium infections, and provide a theoretical basis for screening for populations at high risks of leprosy and tuberculosis and for prevention from Mycobacterium infections. Key words: Mycobacterium infections; Genes; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium leprae; Nontuberculous mycobacteria
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