Abstract
BackgroundLike other complex diseases including drug addiction, genetic factors can interfere with the disease. In this study, three opioid genes (OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1) were examined for an association with drug addiction among Jordanian males.MethodsThe study involved 498 addicts, in addition to 496 healthy controls and all from Arab descent.ResultsThe findings in this study showed that rs1799971 of the OPRM1 gene was in association with drug addiction for both alleles and genotypes with P-values = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively. In addition, a significant association between the dominant model (A/A vs G/A-G/G) of rs1799971 (OPRM1) and drug addiction (P-value = 0.003, OR = 1.59 (1.17–2.15)) was detected. Moreover, a genetic haplotype (AGGGCGACCCC) of theOPRM1 gene revealed a significant association with drug addiction (P-value = 0.01, OR = 1.56 (1.15–2.12)). We also found that the age of addicts, smoking, and marital status with genetic variants within OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 genes may be implicated in drug addiction risk.ConclusionWe propose that rs1799971 of the OPRM1gene is a genetic risk factor for drug addiction among Jordanian males.
Highlights
Like other complex diseases including drug addiction, genetic factors can interfere with the disease
We investigated the genetic susceptibility of three over 200Opioid receptors (OPR) genes (OPRM1, OPRD1 and OPRK1) to drug addiction among Jordanian males by screening and analyzing 29 candidate SNPs
Our regression analysis declared that the relationship between the age of addicts, smoking and marital status with genetic variants within OPRM1, OPRD1 and OPRK1 genes may be implicated in drug addiction risk
Summary
Like other complex diseases including drug addiction, genetic factors can interfere with the disease. Three opioid genes (OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1) were examined for an association with drug addiction among Jordanian males. Opioid receptors (OPR) are part of the opioid system and responsible for mediating drug reward and addiction. These receptors in the nervous system attached to substances and induce a series of chemical reactions that lead to pain relief [7]. (rs1799971) SNP of the OPRM1 gene has been extensively investigated in association with drug addiction in different ethnic groups including Caucasian [10] European American, African American [11], German [12], and Japanese [13] The OPRM1 is one of the most studied genes regarding drug addiction and several genetic variants within the gene were significantly implicated with drug addiction. (rs1799971) SNP of the OPRM1 gene has been extensively investigated in association with drug addiction in different ethnic groups including Caucasian [10] European American, African American [11], German [12], and Japanese [13]
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