Abstract
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a dominant aquaculture species in Ukraine with several intra-breed types within two recognized breeds: scaly and leather. Understanding their genetic diversity is crucial for successful breeding programs. This study is focused on a genetic characterization of Antoniny-Zozulenets intrabreed type of scaly and leather carps from the Stara Synyava fish hatchery, which were produced by selective breeding in Ukraine. Microsatellite analysis was conducted using six DNA loci: MFW 02, MFW 06, MFW 09, MFW 15, MFW 23, MFW 31; all of which were polymorphic in both groups. The mean polymorphic information content was 0.903±0.009. The ranges of amplicons for the selected loci were determined. This enabled the characterization of specific genetic features of each breed. Allelic richness ranged from 9.987 to 14.512 for scaly carp and 9 to 13 for leather carp. Notably, loci MFW 02, MFW 09, MFW 23 in the scaly carp group exhibited a wider range and number of alleles compared to leather carp. The Shannon diversity index averaged 2.481±0.060 for scaly carp and 2.348±0.056 for leather carp. The fixation index had negative values, indicating a predominance of heterozygous genotypes (scaly: F=-0.025; leather: F=-0.072). The efficiency of the proposed set of markers was confirmed. These markers could be further used in monitoring genetic diversity and differentiation of carps in Ukraine for breeding and conservation efforts.
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