Abstract
Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia and SEA-HPFH are the most common types of β-globin gene cluster deletion in Chinese population. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical features of deletional Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia and Southeast Asian hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (SEA-HPFH) in South China. A total of 930 subjects with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level ≥ 2% were selected on genetic research of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia and SEA-HPFH. The gap polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify the deletions. One hundred cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia were detected, including 90 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0/βN-thalassemia, 7 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0 /βN-thalassemia combined with α-thalassemia, 2 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia, and 1 case of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia combined with β-gene mutation. One hundred nine cases of SEA-HPFH were detected, including 97 cases of SEA-HPFH/βN, 9 cases of SEA-HPFH/βN combined with α-thalassemia, 2 cases of SEA-HPFH combined with β-thalassemia, and 1 case of SEA-HPFH combined with β-gene mutation. Statistical analysis indicates significant differences in MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), and HbA2 and HbF levels between Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia heterozygotes and SEA-HPFH heterozygotes (P < 0.001). There are statistical differences in hematological parameters between them. Clinical phenotypic analysis can provide guidance for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
Highlights
Hemoglobin is a special protein that transports oxygen within red blood cells, composed of two α and two β chains
The aim of this study was to analysis the frequency of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia and SEA-HPFH in South China
One hundred cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia were detected, including 90 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0/βN -thalassemia, 7 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0 /βN-thalassemia combined with α-thalassemia, 2 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia, and 1 case of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0thalassemia combined with β-gene mutation
Summary
Hemoglobin is a special protein that transports oxygen within red blood cells, composed of two α and two β chains. Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic autosomal recessive genetic diseases. There are two main kinds of thalassemia: α- and βthalassemias depending on the aberrant hemoglobin gene. Α-thalassemias are mainly caused by the gene deletion, and β-thalassemias are primarily resulted from gene mutation. The mechanisms of both kinds of thalassemias are imbalance of hemoglobin chains and ineffective hematopoiesis [3]. We only have limited treatment options, of which transfusion and iron chelation are the main methods. They are mostly supportive [3]. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling play a key role in the prevention of thalassemia [5]
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