Abstract
Improved utilization of phytates and mineral phosphorus (P) in monogastric animals contributes significantly to preserving the finite resource of mineral P and mitigating environmental pollution. In order to identify pathways and to prioritize candidate genes related to P utilization (PU), the genomic heritability of 77 and 80 trait-dependent expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in 482 Japanese quail were estimated and eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) were detected. In total, 104 miR-eQTL (microRNA expression quantitative traits loci) were associated with SNP markers (false discovery rate less than 10%) including 41 eQTL of eight miRNAs. Similarly, 944 mRNA-eQTL were identified at the 5% False discovery rate threshold, with 573 being cis-eQTL of 36 mRNAs. High heritabilities of miRNA and mRNA expression coincide with highly significant eQTL. Integration of phenotypic data with transcriptome and microbiome data of the same animals revealed genetic regulated mRNA and miRNA transcripts (SMAD3, CAV1, ENNPP6, ATP2B4, miR-148a-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-194, miR-215-5p, miR-199-3p, miR-1388a-3p) and microbes (Candidatus Arthromitus, Enterococcus) that are associated with PU. The results reveal novel insights into the role of mRNAs and miRNAs in host gut tissue functions, which are involved in PU and other related traits, in terms of the genetic regulation and inheritance of their expression and in association with microbiota components.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral and a limited resource
The results reveal novel insights into the role of mRNAs and miRNAs in host gut tissue functions, which are involved in P utilization (PU) and other related traits, in terms of the genetic regulation and inheritance of their expression and in association with microbiota components
The top differentially expressed transcripts including 77 miRNAs and 80 mRNAs were selected for genomic heritability and genetic regulation study in 482 Japanese quails
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral and a limited resource. The excessive use of mineral P in agricultural production has an environmental impact. The bulk of P in animal feeds originates from plant seeds. Up to 80% of plant P is in the form of phytates, which cannot be efficiently used by monogastrics due to the lack or scarcity of endogenous phytase in their digestive tract. Microbial phosphatases may contribute to the cleavage of P from phytates in the gut of monogastric animals. The microbiome composition and interactions between the gut tissue and microbiota play a significant role for digestive capacity and need to be understood for improvement of phosphorus utilization (PU). The most promising molecules mediating between gut microbiota and host are microRNAs (miRNAs), which are conserved between total genomic heritability royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsob Open Biol. The most promising molecules mediating between gut microbiota and host are microRNAs (miRNAs), which are conserved between total genomic heritability royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsob Open Biol. 11: 200182
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