Genetic parameters of milk productivity of camels of the kazakh population

Abstract

The objects of research are modern arrays of camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed, Turkmen dromedary of the Arvan breed, Kazakh dromedary bred in the south and south-east of Kazakhstan; Mongolian Bactrian of Tuvan populations bred in the forest- steppe and dry-steppe zone of the Republic of Tyva of the Russian Federation. The age of the studied camels ranged from 1 to 12 lactation. The studies were conducted in the period 2020-2022. The camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed in the amount of 200 heads, the Turkmen dromedary in the amount of 120 heads, the Kazakh dromedary 120 heads and the Bactrian of the Mongolian breed of the Tuvan popu-lation 30 heads were studied. The camels of the Kazakh bactrian are able to give 4 % milk in 210 days of lactation 1111.2 ± 45.1 kg, the Turkmen dromedary of the Arvan breed 1588.8 ± 58.4 kg, the Kazakh dromedary 1870.0± 47.5 kg, the Mongolian bactrian of the Tuvan population 933.5 ±29.8 kg. The coe cient of variability in milk yield for 210 days of lactation was CV = 19.7-35.9 % in camels. The coe cient of variation is 6.2-9.9 % in fat content, 3.9-7.2 % in protein content. In dairy camels, the coe cient of variability in the yield of milk fat was 22.2-41.9 %, in the yield of milk protein - 19.5-36.9 %. In dairy camels, the heritability coe cients for the studied breeding traits have average values that vary between h2 = 0.25-0.55, which characterizes the stability of inheritance by descendants of productive traits of mothers. According to milk yield for 1-2 lactation, the repeatability coe cient was 0.65 … 0.82, according to the mass fraction of fat in milk - 0.58 and 0.85, protein - 0.59 and 0.88, according to the yield of milk fat - 0.75 … 0.82, milk protein - 0.72… 0.83. The correlation coe cient between the productivity indicators of camels of the rst foal for 105 days of lactation and the indicators for 210 days of lactation (P < 0.001) varies from +0.42 to +0.78, which indicates the reliability of the forecast of productivity of camels of the rst foal for 210 days of lactation according to the assessment data for the rst 105 days.