Abstract
BackgroundGrape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major insect pest that negatively impacts commercial grapevine performance worldwide. Consequently, the use of phylloxera resistant rootstocks is an essential component of vineyard management. However, the majority of commercially available rootstocks used in viticulture production provide limited levels of grape phylloxera resistance, in part due to the adaptation of phylloxera biotypes to different Vitis species. Therefore, there is pressing need to develop new rootstocks better adapted to specific grape growing regions with complete resistance to grape phylloxera biotypes.ResultsGrapevine rootstock breeding material, including an accession of Vitis cinerea and V. aestivalis, DRX55 ([M. rotundifolia x V. vinifera] x open pollinated) and MS27-31 (M. rotundifolia specific hybrid), provided complete resistance to grape phylloxera in potted plant assays. To map the genetic factor(s) of grape phylloxera resistance, a F1V. cinerea x V. vinifera Riesling population was screened for resistance. Heritability analysis indicates that the V. cinerea accession contained a single allele referred as RESISTANCE TO DAKTULOSPHAIRA VITIFOLIAE 2 (RDV2) that confers grape phylloxera resistance. Using genetic maps constructed with pseudo-testcross markers for V. cinerea and Riesling, a single phylloxera resistance locus was identified in V. cinerea. After validating SNPs at the RDV2 locus, interval and linkage mapping showed that grape phylloxera resistance mapped to linkage group 14 at position 16.7 cM.ConclusionThe mapping of RDV2 and the validation of markers linked to grape phylloxera resistance provides the basis to breed new rootstocks via marker-assisted selection that improve vineyard performance.
Highlights
Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major insect pest that negatively impacts commercial grapevine performance worldwide
Identification of rootstock breeding material with resistance to G1 grape phylloxera Experimental evidence indicates that V. cinerea, V. aestivalis and M. rotundifolia accessions are sources of grape phylloxera resistance [10, 25, 27]
As a control, Riesling and Shiraz were included in this screen, as these V. vinifera cultivars are highly susceptible to G1 grape phylloxera
Summary
Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major insect pest that negatively impacts commercial grapevine performance worldwide. The majority of commercially available rootstocks used in viticulture production provide limited levels of grape phylloxera resistance, in part due to the adaptation of phylloxera biotypes to different Vitis species. Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is an insect native to specific regions of North America and Vitis vinifera cultivars used in grape production are highly susceptible to this insect pest [1,2,3]. Grape phylloxera genetic strains that feed primarily on Vitis spp. roots or leaves are referred to as radicicoles or gallicoles, respectively. In terms of viticulture production, radicicoles are the most destructive form of grape phylloxera due to root damage caused by gall formation and feeding, as well as the fact that gallicole feeding is relatively rare in V. vinifera [1, 3]
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