Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility of chilli cultivars was evaluated for their prospective genotypes. Fifteen pairs of F1 hybrids were evaluated for their male pollen viabilities in three natures. Hybrids which showed no pollen occurred in 9 varieties whose male parents should have the prospective genotypes of N rfrf or B line. Hybrids with fertile pollens in some plants and sterile ones on others appeared in 4 varieties whose male parents should have prospective genotypes of N/S Rfrf. Hybrids showing fertile pollens were found in 2 varieties whose male parents should have the male sterility controlling genes in the nucleus as N/S RfRf or C line. Horticultural characteristics of six accessions of chilies were recorded. Chilli fruits of the accessions were analyzed for the physico-chemical properties in terms of moisture content, total soluble solids, vitamin C, capsaicin content and skin color. Accessions CA1445, CA1449 and CA1450 were found to have suitable characteristics as maintainer lines.
Highlights
Male sterility trait in pepper was first found in Capsicum frutescens (Martin & Crawford, 1951)
The results indicated among the varieties tested, the moisture content, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, capsaicin content and fruit color values differed at statistically significant levels
Male sterility can be distinguished into three groups : normal male fertile chilli (N/S RfRf), male sterile chilli; (N rfrf) and male fertile chilli which has heterozygosis in the genotype of the fertility restoration (N/S Rfrf) using fertility scoring for the evaluation of male sterility (Rai et al, 2001; Pakozdi et al, 2002; Yoon et al, 2006)
Summary
Male sterility trait in pepper was first found in Capsicum frutescens (Martin & Crawford, 1951). Peterson (1958) found male sterility caused by interaction between cytoplasm (S-type) and the genes in the nucleus (rf) in Capsicum annuum. Producing hybrid seeds using hand emasculation of male pollen method is costly. The alternative method becomes the assurance of male sterility trait in hybrid seeds (Maneechat, 1999). Duvick (1959) exploited CMS for production of hybrid seeds with outstanding hybrid features to reduce cost associated with hand emasculation of male pollens of the parental lines, while assuring the hybrid seeds will be free from self-pollination action contamination (Mulyantoro et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2006). The farmers using hybrid seed chilli will be assured of consistent and higher output, especially from expressive heterosis in chilli hybrid seeds those results from heterozygosity (Bosland & Votava, 2000; Kordus, 1991)
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