Abstract
Chicken eggs play an important role as food resources in the world. Although genetic effects on yolk and albumen contents have been reported, the number of chicken genotypes analyzed so far is still limited. To investigate the effect of genetic background on 10 egg traits, 19 yolk amino acid traits, and 19 albumen amino acid traits, we evaluated a total of 58 eggs from five genotypes: two Japanese indigenous breeds (Ukokkei and Nagoya) and three hybrids (Araucana cross, Kurohisui, and Boris Brown) under a floor rearing system. One-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of genotype on 10 egg traits, 8 yolk amino acids (Asp, Glu, Ser, Gly, Thr, Tyr, Cys, and Leu), and 11 albumen amino acids (Asp, Glu, Asn, Ser, Gln, His, Ala, Tyr, Trp, Phe, and Ile) contents. Moderate to strong positive phenotypic correlations among traits within each trait category (size and weight traits, yolk amino acid traits, and albumen amino acid traits), whereas there were basically no or weak correlations among the trait categories. However, a unique feature was found in the Araucana cross indicating moderate positive correlations of amino acids between yolk and albumen. These results suggest that genetic factors can modify not only the size and weight of the egg and eggshell color but also yolk and albumen free amino acids contents.
Highlights
Chicken is likely to be domesticated from red jungle fowls in southwestern China, Thailand, and Myanmar around 9500 ± 3300 years ago [1]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of genetic background on egg traits and free amino acid contents of yolk and albumen using five genotypes, Araucana cross (ARA), Kurohisui (KRH), UKO, NGY, and a representative Brown layer (Boris Brown; BOR), under floor rearing system
Yolk weight tended to be higher in ARA, KRH, and NGY than BOR
Summary
Chicken is likely to be domesticated from red jungle fowls in southwestern China, Thailand, and Myanmar around 9500 ± 3300 years ago [1]. The number of chickens exceeded 22 billion in 2017, while there are approximately 1600 local chicken breeds around the world [2]. Many kinds of chickens have extreme phenotypic characteristics such as body size, feathers, growth, eggs, meat, and behavior. The Japanese indigenous chicken breeds of “Onagadori” has extremely long tail feathers in male [3,4], while the weight of male “Oh-Shamo”. Egg amino acids in five chicken genotypes
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