Abstract
There are rich annual wild soybean (Glycine soja) resources in Southern China, which are the progenitor of cultivated soybean. To evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of G. soja in Southern China, we analyzed allelic profiles of 141 annual wild soybean accessions from Southern China and 8 core wild soybean accessions fromNorthern Chinaby using 41 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 18 Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations. The 41 SSR markers produced a total of 421 alleles (10.27 per locus) with a mean of gene diversity of 0.825 (Simpson index) and 1.987 (Shannon-weaver index). The 18 SRAP primer combinations detected a total of 90 polymorphism bands (5 per primer combination) with a mean of gene diversity of 0.918 (Shannon-weaver index). SSR and SRAP markers detected 43 and 5 rare alleles in 149 wild soybeans, respectively. The wild soybeans from Fujian province showed the highest genetic diversity with Shannon-weaver index of 1.837 (by SSR) and 0.803 (by SRAP), and the highest allelic richness with an average of 8.8 alleles per locus and the most number of rare alleles of 0.68 per locus based on SSR data. An analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) analysis showed that significant variance did exist amongHunan,Fujian, Guangxi andNorthern Chinasubpopulations based on SSR and SRAP data. The unweighted pair-group method of the arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis indicated that the wild soybeans fromFujianprovince occurred in different clusters based on both SSR and SRAP data. The above results indicated thatFujianprovince could be the major center of genetic diversity for annual wild soybean inSouthern China. In addition, Mantle test showed there was a weak positive linear correlation (r = 0.25) between SSR and SRAP analysis in the study.
Highlights
Annual wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.), the progenitor of the cultivated soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.), is distributed in China, Korea, Japan and the far eastern regions of Russia
One hundred and forty one wild soybean accessions (Table 1) used in this study including 58 wild soybeans from Hunan province distributed in twenty three counties and cities, 56 from Fujian province distributed in twenty six counties and cities, 27 from Gunagxi province distributed in fourteen counties, and 8 from Northern China (3 from Liaoning, 2 from Hebei, 1 from Gansu, 1 from Shandong and 1from Shanxi), in which 8 wild soybeans from Xintian of Hunan province are collected by our research group, and another 141 wild soybean germplasm were provided by Prof
The wild soybeans from Fujian province had the highest allelic richness with an average of 8.8 alleles per locus, and that from Guangxi province had the lowest allelic richness with an average of 6.85 alleles per locus in the three Southern wild soybean populations (Table 2). 18 Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations detected a total of 90 polymorphic bands in whole wild soybean population with a mean of 5 per primer combinations
Summary
Annual wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.), the progenitor of the cultivated soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.), is distributed in China, Korea, Japan and the far eastern regions of Russia. Et Zucc.), the progenitor of the cultivated soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.), is distributed in China, Korea, Japan and the far eastern regions of Russia. The horizontal distribution in China is from 53 ̊ to 24 ̊ north latitude and from 135 ̊ to 97 ̊ east longitude [1]. During the long term of evolution, wild soybeans accumulated a wide range of variation to adapt to the geographic, abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. G. soja and G. max are cross compatible and can produce fertile offspring. The wild soybean germplasm is a rich gene pool for improvement of resistances and tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses of cultivated soybean and can used in breeding research of high yield and high protein content
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