Genetic diversity of varieties of barley Hordum Vulgare Implanted using RAPD

Abstract

In the study, a technique of PCR was used, which is the RAPD indicator using nine varieties of the Iraqi barley plant, where the genetic indicators of the implicit sequence were used to determine the level of genetic similarity for the studied varieties and to find the genetic fingerprint for some types. The bundle of varying sizes was 121 in number. The highest number of binding sites was recorded in the R4 primer with 58 bundles, the lowest number of binding sites was given by the R5 initiator with 11 bundles, the highest molecular weight in the binding sites was provided by the R9 initiator 1300pb, and the same initiator gave the lowest molecular weight 125 pb, and from the genetic similarity matrix, the lowest genetic distance was between classes 3 and 4 with a value of 0.8545, while the highest genetic distance was between classes 6 and 7 with a value of 0.4545. The RAPD technique found unique and distinct DNA bundles capable of distinguishing between the studied wheat varieties, meaning that these bundles were found in a particular type and absent in other varieties. It can be used as a distinctive genetic fingerprint to preserve plant breeders' rights. This study showed the efficiency of the RAPD technique in distinguishing between the studied cotton varieties and in determining the degree of genetic proximity and distance between them, which contributed to revealing the genetic diversity among some of the cotton varieties cultivated in Iraq. Keywords Genetic diversity, RAPD, barly Hordum Vulgare