Genetic diversity of three sunu groupers species (Plectropomus spp)

Abstract

The quality of fish seed may be decreased as a result of inbreeding that is a marriage between two individuals who have the same genetic trait. Fish seed quality improved with the genetic approach to parent selection and crossbreed. Quality of fish seeds is taking from natural populations are determined by the genetic diversity of a population. Inbreeding can decrease the quality of seed because it can increase the number of homozygosity and decrease the number of heterozygosity. This study aims to determine differences in genetic variation three species of sunu groupers (Plectropomus maculatus, Plectropomus leopardus, and Plectropomus oligacanthus) and know the kinship of the three species of grouper. While the benefits of this research can provide information on genetic diversity in natural coral trout grouper, expected inbreeding can be avoided. Muscle and liver tissue was used as a sample for electrophoresis analysis with twelve kinds of enzymes namely aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Estrase (EST), -Gliserofosfat dehydrogenase (-GPD), Glukofosfat isomerase (GPI), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), Lactate dehydrogenase (EST), Malic dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic Enzyme (ME), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6- PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and sarcoplasmic enzymes (SP). Three polymorphic loci in Plectropomus oligacanthus species are 6-PGD, GPI-2, and PGM. In Plectropomus maculatus, and Plectropomus leopardus all monomorphic loci. The three polymorphic loci on Plectropomus oligacanthus meet the Hardy-Weinberg balance with X2 value for 6-PGD value is 0.123, GPI-2 is 0.028 and PGM is 0.028. Plectropomus oligacanthus has a polymorphism level of 0.188, the total number of the focusing allele is 1,154, and the average heterozygosity is 0.023. The genetic distance between the sepsis population based on twelve enzymes showed between Plectropomus maculatus, and Plectropomus leopardus had a spacing of 0.134, between Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus oligacanthus of genetic distance 0.196 and between Plectropomus maculatus and Plectropomus oligacanthus the genetic distance was 0.200. The larger the genetic distance between the species, the kinship relationship will be farther away. The distant kinship is owned by Plectropomus oligacanthus.