Abstract
Tulip breaking is economically the most important viral disease of modern-day tulip growing. It is characterized by irregular flame and feather-like patterns in the flowers and mosaic on the foliage. Thirty-two leaf samples were collected from cultivated tulip plants showing tulip breaking syndrome from Hungary in 2017 and 2018. Virus identification was performed by serological (ELISA) and molecular (RT-PCR) methods. All samples proved to be infected with a potyvirus and evidence was provided that three potyvirus species could be identified in the samples: Lily mottle virus (LMoV), Tulip breaking virus (TBV) and Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus (ReTBV). Recombination prediction accomplished with Recombination Detection Program (RDP) v4.98 revealed potential intraspecies recombination in the case of TBV and LMoV. Phylogenetic analyses of the coat protein (CP) regions proved the monophyletic origin of these viruses and verified them as three different species according to current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) species demarcation criteria. Based on these results, we analyzed taxonomic relations concerning potyviruses associated with tulip breaking syndrome. We propose the elevation of ReTBV to species level, and emergence of two new subgroups in ReTBV.
Highlights
Tulips, as ornamental plants, have first been described as early as 1576 by Carolus Clusius [1].Tulips are bulbous ornamental plants belonging to the genus Tulipa [2,3]
Detection group and Identification of was Potyviruses and Gödöllő, both Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and Tulip breaking virus (TBV) were present in equal number (4–4 and 1–1)
In a tulip garden in Szada and Gödöllő, both LMoV and TBV were present in equal number (4–4 and 1–1)
Summary
As ornamental plants, have first been described as early as 1576 by Carolus Clusius [1]. Tulips are bulbous ornamental plants belonging to the genus Tulipa [2,3]. 102 accepted taxa [4] with more than 6700 cultivars belong to the genus [5]. In the early years of the 17th century, tulips with broken flowers were highly appreciated, they became a symbol of status [7,10]. Later, these broken tulips were called Rembrandt tulips, and became the second known, but the first well documented record of viral disease of a plant [11].
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