Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b in Indonesian Native and Local Cattle Populations

Peni Wahyu Prihandini,J Efendy,M Luthfi,D Pamungkas,A Primasari

doi:10.14334/jitv.v25i2.2496

Abstract

Information on the genetic diversity of native and local cattle in Indonesia is vital for the development of breeding and conservation strategies. This study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of the Indonesian native (Bali) and local [(Donggala, Madura, Sragen, Galekan, Rambon, dan Peranakan Ongole Grade x Bali (POBA)] cattle populations. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples (n= 75). Partial sequences of mtDNA cyt b, 464 bp, were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction technique (forward primer: L14735 and reverse primer: H15149). Thirty-four reference sequences of Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and Bos javanicus were included in the phylogenetic analyses. A total of 55 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes were observed in the whole breeds. No variable sites of mtDNA cyt b were observed in Galekan (kept in BCRS) and Rambon cattle. Overall haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.515 ± 0.070 and 0.0184 ± 0.0045, respectively. The highest (0.092) and the lowest (0.000) genetic distances were between Bali and Donggala cattle populations and among Galekan (kept in BCRS), Rambon, and POBA cattle populations, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analyses revealed two major maternal lineages (A and B) of the studied population. Most of the sampled individuals (69.33%, present in haplotype H8-H19) were linked to lineage B, which belonged to the same cluster with Bos javanicus. Overall, most of the Indonesian native and local cattle populations had a considerable genetic diversity and shared a common maternal origin with Bos javanicus.

Highlights

Cattle is one of the most important livestock commodities for Indonesian livestock farmers since they are mostly relying on cattle for their income
Jabres, Sumbawa, Pesisir, Aceh, and Madura have been identified as local cattle in Indonesia, while blood samples representing Indonesian native (Bali) cattle is the only native cattle breed in the country (Directorate of Livestock Breeding and Production 2020)
Bali cattle had the highest number of polymorphic sites (S= 31), while Galekan cattle kept on Beef Cattle Research Station (BCRS) and Rambon cattle populations had no polymorphic sites observed (S= 0)

Summary

Introduction

Cattle is one of the most important livestock commodities for Indonesian livestock farmers since they are mostly relying on cattle for their income. Some above-mentioned breeds have been well studied using microsatellite markers JITV Vol 25 No 2 Th. 2020:39-47 et al 2019), there is still a lack of information focused on other cattle breeds, such as Rambon, Galekan, Donggala, and Sragen. As a part of animal genetic resources, it is well known that native cattle possess a considerable number of desirable traits, such as the ability to cope with hot weather environment, low quality of forage, resistance to the internal parasite, and infectious diseases. They have a wide variation in morphological and physiological characteristics. Those variations are important in livestock populations to meet current production and future requirements in various environments and changing of objectives

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Conclusion