Abstract
The objective of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity of bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), from Carioca commercial group, utilizing RAPD markers to discriminate and to support breeders to choose genetic material and to develop breeding methods to use for obtaining new cultivars with Carioca type seeds. Twenty-eight genotypes, fifteen cultivars, and thirteen lines were evaluated. The genetic distances were achieved utilizing the Euclidian’s method modified by Roger’s (1972) and the grouping analysis were by UPGMA method, showed by a dendogram. Through 89 RAPD loci, obtained from 12 primers, 65.17% were polymorphics. We have verified that the RAPD markers were efficient in discrimination and grouping of genotypes, showing to have large genetic variability. Although Carioca cultivar has a common ancestor from all studied material, it has shown low similarity with genotypes derived from it, corroborating to exist sufficient genetic variability for production of new cultivars, maintaining the original coloration of seeds.
Highlights
The objective of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity of bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), from Carioca commercial group, utilizing RAPD markers to discriminate and to support breeders to choose genetic material and to develop breeding methods to use for obtaining new cultivars with Carioca type seeds
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of food source with high level of protein for Brazilian diet, being Brazil the biggest world bean producer from genus Phaseolus, and the majority of grain yield are consumed in Brazil, specially from Carioca type bean
Throughout the time, has occurred changing in the genetic structure of original Carioca cultivar, creating higher variability because of segregation passing by the continuous use from the same seeds yielded by the farmers, exposed from mutations, and mainly by production of new cultivars in breeding programs
Summary
The objective of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity of bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), from Carioca commercial group, utilizing RAPD markers to discriminate and to support breeders to choose genetic material and to develop breeding methods to use for obtaining new cultivars with Carioca type seeds. Throughout the time, has occurred changing in the genetic structure of original Carioca cultivar, creating higher variability because of segregation passing by the continuous use from the same seeds yielded by the farmers, exposed from mutations, and mainly by production of new cultivars in breeding programs. Those new cultivars maintained as pattern of Carioca grain type, still phenotypically similar for the most of characters, making difficult it identification, being necessary the utilization of modern techniques to characterize different genotypes. The knowledge of genetic diversity among commercial cultivars and elite line programs of plant breeding is the vital importance for the breeders to allow identification and organization of available genetic resources, targeting future breeding programs and to produce some new promissing cultivars
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