Abstract
Solanum macrocarpon is an important vegetable native to Africa, with leaves and fruits. It is a potential source of income and nutrients that contribute to the nutritional balance of the local population's food intake. However, S. macrocarpon did not attract the interest of researchers in relation to other Solanum species. Indeed, knowledge of the genetic diversity of S. macrocarpon (Gboma Eggplant) in Africa is limited. Although agronomic variations and relationships generally reveal important traits of interest to breeders. This study attempts to estimate the genetic diversity of a collection of S. macrocarpon (32 accessions) from Burkina Faso using SSR markers. The results show that eleven (11) of the 22 SSR markers tested were informative for phylogenetic analysis and could serve as a perfect reference for diversity studies. The 11 polymorphic SSR primers selected amplified 22 alleles with an average of 2 per primer. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.212 for emg01B17 to 0.437 for emd15D09. The genetic distances between the accessions studied varied from 0 to 0.68 and made it possible to distinguish three genetic groups. The expected Nei (He) heterozygosity for the genetic group ranged from 0.140 for group III to 0.261 for group I. The eleven pairs of SSR markers sufficiently discriminated against the accessions of S. macrocarpon. The results of this study will be useful for the conservation and genetic improvement of the S. macrocarpon species in Burkina Faso.
Highlights
Solanum macrocarpon L. (Gboma Eggplant) belongs to the genus Solanum, the subgenus Leptostemonum and the section Melongena (Miller) Dunal [1]
Of the 22 Single Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers selected for polymorphism, 11 SSR markers were found to be polymorphic for all accessions (Table 3)
The average number of alleles per locus is higher than that of [26] who reported an average number of alleles of 1.58 in S. aethiopicum Kumba group
Summary
Solanum macrocarpon L. (Gboma Eggplant) belongs to the genus Solanum, the subgenus Leptostemonum and the section Melongena (Miller) Dunal [1]. (Gboma Eggplant) belongs to the genus Solanum, the subgenus Leptostemonum and the section Melongena (Miller) Dunal [1]. Thonn., wild relatives [2]. The cultivated S. macrocarpon was domesticated from S. dasyphyllum Schum. It is cultivated throughout tropical Africa, especially in humid regions. The species is cultivated in South America and Asia [3]. According to the [2], Gboma Eggplant is grown along the coasts of West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, Ivory Coast and Benin), East and South (Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique). In Burkina Faso, S. macrocarpon is grown in the three border provinces (Nahouri, Sanguié and Sissili) with Ghana [4]
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