Genetic Diversity Studies on Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes based on Gel Consistency and Alkali Digestion

Chemutai Lr,Musyoki Ma

doi:10.4172/2375-4338.1000172

Abstract

Knowledge of rice genetic diversity is necessary to ascertain the germplasm conservation and the development of improved rice genotypes with good quality traits through various breeding programs. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity based on gel consistency and alkali digestion among selected Kenyan and Tanzanian genotypes using SSR markers. PowerMarker version 3.25, GenAlEx version 6.41 and DARwin 6.0.12 statistical software were used to carry out data analysis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2.75 across the 8 markers used. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.5224 (RM577) to 0.1411 (RM85) with an average of 0.3673 observed across all the markers. Gene diversity ranged from 0.5764 (RM577) to 0.1528 (RM85) with an average of 0.4181 with one rare allele was detected at RM577 loci. Pairwise genetic dissimilarity matrix ranged from ranged from 0.9333 to 0.1818 with the least genetic distance being observed between IR 54 and BS 370 while the highest, 0.9333 being between Saro 5 and IR 2793. The unweighted neighbour joining tree clustered the rice genotypes into three major clusters and subsequent sub clusters hence effectively differentiating the Kenyan and Tanzanian genotypes based on gel consistency and alkali digestion. This clustering was complemented with the findings in the principal coordinate analysis. These results show that determination of genetic diversity using SSR markers cam be successfully achieved. In this study RM577 was the best and most informative SSR marker given it showed the highest PIC, gene diversity and allele per locus. In addition, it’s the only marker that showed a rare allele at 400 bp.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a monocotyledonous plant belonging to the grass family (Gramineae) and the genus Oryza
The highest number of allele per locus was observed in marker RM 577 while the least number of polymorphic alleles was observed in RM 314, RM85 and RM 539
The highest gene diversity was observed in RM577 at 0.5764, while RM85 had the lowest gene diversity of 0.1528 with an average of 0.4181 observed among all the microsatellite markers used

Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a monocotyledonous plant belonging to the grass family (Gramineae) and the genus Oryza. Rice is the major staple food for the 57% of the world’s population and it provides approximately 23% of daily caloric intake. It was introduced into Kenya in 1907 from Asia and is an important cereal crop after maize and wheat in the country [1,2]. In Kenya, there are 4 irrigation schemes that majorly grow rice and are under the management of the National Irrigation Board (NIB) (3). These paddy schemes are located in Mwea, West Kano, Ahero and Bunyala and the common genotypes that are grown includes ITA 310, BS 370, IR 2793 and BW 196

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