Abstract
Soft white wheat is used in domestic and foreign markets for various end products requiring specific quality profiles. Phenotyping for end-use quality traits can be costly, time-consuming and destructive in nature, so it is advantageous to use molecular markers to select experimental lines with superior traits. An association mapping panel of 469 soft white winter wheat cultivars and advanced generation breeding lines was developed from regional breeding programs in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. This panel was genotyped on a wheat-specific 90 K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. A total of 15,229 high quality SNPs were selected and combined with best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) from historical phenotypic data of the genotypes in the panel. Genome-wide association mapping was conducted using the Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU). A total of 105 significant marker-trait associations were detected across 19 chromosomes. Potentially new loci for total flour yield, lactic acid solvent retention capacity, flour sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation and flour swelling volume were also detected. Better understanding of the genetic factors impacting end-use quality enable breeders to more effectively discard poor quality germplasm and increase frequencies of favorable end-use quality alleles in their breeding populations.
Highlights
Kernel texture, water absorption, protein strength, and milling quality differentiate the end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Significant phenotypic variation was present in this association mapping panel for the measured end-use quality traits (Table 1)
The use of historical data facilitated a larger number of phenotypic observations to capture a wider range of performance in enduse quality traits that represented past and current soft winter wheat germplasm in the Pacific Northwest
Summary
Kernel texture (hardness), water absorption, protein (gluten) strength, and milling quality differentiate the end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). End-use quality traits in soft wheat are predominately controlled by genetic factors, so potential gains from selection in earlier generations is possible (Smith et al, 2011; Carter et al, 2012; Souza et al, 2012). Along with protein strength, are key criteria for wheat market classes and end-use. Soft wheats are fixed for the wild type alleles at both Pina and Pinb, so smaller effect genetic factors from other genomic regions impact variation in hardness in this market class (Morris, 2002; Kiszonas et al, 2013a). Flour protein content, damaged starch, and non-starch polysaccharides affect water absorption and dough rheology
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