Abstract
Recombinant therapeutic proteins are becoming very important pharmaceutical agents for treating intractable diseases. Most biopharmaceutical proteins are produced in mammalian cells because this ensures correct folding and glycosylation for protein stability and function. However, protein production in mammalian cells has several drawbacks, including heterogeneity of glycans attached to the produced protein. In this study, we established cell lines with high-mannose-type N-linked, low-complexity glycans. We first knocked out two genes encoding Golgi mannosidases (MAN1A1 and MAN1A2) in HEK293 cells. Single knockout (KO) cells did not exhibit changes in N-glycan structures, whereas double KO cells displayed increased high-mannose-type and decreased complex-type glycans. In our effort to eliminate the remaining complex-type glycans, we found that knocking out a gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum mannosidase I (MAN1B1) in the double KO cells reduced most of the complex-type glycans. In triple KO (MAN1A1, MAN1A2, and MAN1B1) cells, Man9GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2 were the major N-glycan structures. Therefore, we expressed two lysosomal enzymes, α-galactosidase-A and lysosomal acid lipase, in the triple KO cells and found that the glycans on these enzymes were sensitive to endoglycosidase H treatment. The N-glycan structures on recombinant proteins expressed in triple KO cells were simplified and changed from complex types to high-mannose types at the protein level. Our results indicate that the triple KO HEK293 cells are suitable for producing recombinant proteins, including lysosomal enzymes with high-mannose-type N-glycans.
Highlights
Recombinant therapeutic proteins are becoming very important pharmaceutical agents for treating intractable diseases
Our results indicate that the triple KO HEK293 cells are suitable for producing recombinant proteins, including lysosomal enzymes with high-mannose–type N-glycans
When glycoproteins are expressed in mammalian cells, heterogeneous glycan structures, which are generated in the glycosylation pathway at the ER and the Golgi, are found on the proteins (Fig. 1A)
Summary
When glycoproteins are expressed in mammalian cells, heterogeneous glycan structures, which are generated in the glycosylation pathway at the ER and the Golgi, are found on the proteins (Fig. 1A). A2-KO37 contained a 32-bp deletion between two target sequences, and this deletion gave a frameshift (Fig. 2C) These results show that the MAN1A1 and MAN1A2 genes are knocked out. We confirmed that a fraction of the target genes were knocked out in the bulk population (Fig. 3B) Using these cell populations, the surface glycan profiles were analyzed by PHA-L4 staining (Fig. 3C). The PHA-L4 staining was observed to have decreased in D-KO35 cells transfected with plasmids expressing sgRNA for MAN1B1 knockout compared with the parental cells, suggesting that this gene is involved in Man trimming to form complex-type N-glycan structures, at least in D-KO cells. The major peaks represented Man9GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2 structures in the profile These results are consistent with the lectin profiles and indicate that the glycan profiles were simplified, with clear increases in high-Man types and Figure 4. Decreases in the level of complex-type glycans in D-KO and T-KO cells
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