Abstract
We previously reported the complete sequence of the resistance plasmid pP10164-NDM, harboring blaNDM (conferring carbapenem resistance) and bleMBL (conferring bleomycin resistance), which is recovered from a clinical Leclercia adecarboxylata isolate P10164 from China. This follow-up work disclosed that there were still two multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 coexisting in this strain. pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 were completely sequenced and shown to carry a wealth of resistance genes, which encoded the resistance to at least 10 classes of antibiotics (β-lactams. macrolides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, quaternary ammonium compounds, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, and rifampicin) and 7 kinds of heavy mental (mercury, silver, copper, nickel, chromate, arsenic, and tellurium). All of these antibiotic resistance genes are associated with mobile elements such as transposons, integrons, and insertion sequence-based transposable units, constituting a total of three novel MDR regions, two in pP10164-2 and the other one in pP10164-3. Coexistence of three resistance plasmids pP10164-NDM, pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 makes L. adecarboxylata P10164 tend to become extensively drug-resistant.
Highlights
Carbapenemase KPC-28 or VIM-19 has been observed in clinical L. adecarboxylata
We recently reported a fully sequenced resistance plasmid pP10164-NDM, harboring a total of two resistance genes blaNDM and bleMBL, from the clinical L. adecarboxylata isolate P1016412
It has been proposed that the repHIA replicon, the essential trh, tra, and oriT sequences within tra[1] and tra[2], and the parAB partitioning module might represent the minimal IncHI2 determinants[13]
Summary
Carbapenemase KPC-28 or VIM-19 has been observed in clinical L. adecarboxylata. In addition, reported are two clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) L. adecarboxylata, one harboring blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-3, and a class 1 integron cassette array dfrA12-orfF-aadA210, and the other possessing blaSHV-12, blaDHA-1-ampR and a class 1 integron cassette array aacA4cr-blaOXA-1-catB3-arr[311]. We recently reported a fully sequenced resistance plasmid pP10164-NDM, harboring a total of two resistance genes blaNDM (conferring carbapenem resistance) and bleMBL (conferring bleomycin resistance), from the clinical L. adecarboxylata isolate P1016412. Strain P10164 is resistant to β-lactams including carbapenems, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, fosfomycin, tetracyclines, amphenicols, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole but remained susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxin E. This follow-up study provides the evidence for the presence of two additional resistance plasmids pP10164-2 and pP10164-3 in L. adecarboxylata P10164. These two multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids were fully sequenced and shown to carry a large amount of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes
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