Abstract
The hybridization of Prosopis burkartii, a critically endangered endemic species, and the identification of its paternal species has not been genetically studied before. In this study we aimed to genetically confirm the origin of this species. To resolve the parental status of P. burkartii, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), simple sequence repeats (SSR) and intron trnL molecular markers were used, and compared with Chilean species from the Algarobia and Strombocarpa sections. Out of seven ISSRs, a total of 70 polymorphic bands were produced in four species of the Strombocarpa section. An Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and Bayasian (STRUCTURE) analysis showed signs of introgression of genetic material in P. burkartii. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis showed three clusters, and placed the P. burkartii cluster nested within the P. tamarugo group. Sequencing of the trnL intron showed a fragment of 535 bp and 529 bp in the species of the Algarobia and Strombocarpa sections, respectively. Using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) trees with the trnL intron, revealed four clusters. A species-specific diagnostic method was performed, using the trnL intron Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). This method identified if individuals of P. burkartii inherited their maternal DNA from P. tamarugo or from P. strombulifera. We deduced that P. tamarugo and P. strombulifera are involved in the formation of P. burkartii.
Highlights
Species of the genus Prosopis L. inhabit the arid and semi-arid areas from the north to the center of Chile [1]
P. tamarugo, which agrees with our results, as we found the largest counts of shared inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) bands with
In order to compare with another species in the Strombocarpa section, we include a seventh species, P. reptans, which has only been found in the Atacama Region [50], and was collected at the same location as first found by Zöllner and Olivares [50]
Summary
Species of the genus Prosopis L. inhabit the arid and semi-arid areas from the north to the center of Chile [1]. These regions harbor several native taxa: i.e., Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz emend. Fruticosa (Meyen) F.A. Roig, P. alba Griseb, P. strombulifera (Lam.) Benth., P. tamarugo Phil. According to the systematic classification of the Prosopis genus, the 44 species of the genus Prosopis are grouped into five sections that are basically differentiated by the presence, type and distribution of the spines [1,2]. P. flexuosa and P. alba belong to the section Algarobia DC. To the Chilenses series [1,2]
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