Genetic characterization of 27 Y-STR loci with the Yfiler® Plus kit in the population of Serbia

Abstract

Recently, a new 6-dye multiplex, AmpFlSTR® Yfiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit (Yfiler® Plus, Applied Biosystems, USA) has been developed, which can co-amplify 27 Y-STR loci. 17 Y-STRs widely used loci included in the AmpFlSTR® Yfiler® Amplification Kit (Yfiler®, Applied Biosystems, USA) are included in this kit, besides 10 new additional Y-STR loci (DYS481, DYS460, DYS533, DYS449, DYS576, DYS627, DYS518, DYS570, and DYF387S1a/b), with the last seven being rapidly mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STRs) [ [1] Ballantyne K.N. Keerl V. Wollstein A. Choi Y. Zuniga S.B. Ralf A. et al. A new future of forensic Y-chromosome analysis: rapidly mutating Y-STRs for differentiating male relatives and paternal lineages. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2012; 6: 208-218 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (196) Google Scholar ]. These RM Y-STRs are very useful for the discrimination between closely related and unrelated males [ 1 Ballantyne K.N. Keerl V. Wollstein A. Choi Y. Zuniga S.B. Ralf A. et al. A new future of forensic Y-chromosome analysis: rapidly mutating Y-STRs for differentiating male relatives and paternal lineages. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2012; 6: 208-218 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (196) Google Scholar , 2 Ballantyne K.N. Goedbloed M. Fang R. Schaap O. Lao O. Wollstein A. et al. Mutability of Y-chromosomal microsatellites: rates, characteristics, molecular bases, and forensic implications. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2010; 87: 341-353 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (289) Google Scholar , 3 Ballantyne K.N. Ralf A. Aboukhalid R. Achakzai N.M. Anjos M.J. Ayub Q. et al. Toward male individualization with rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats. Hum. Mutat. 2014; 35: 1021-1032 Crossref PubMed Scopus (133) Google Scholar , 4 Purps J. Siegert S. Willuweit S. Nagy M. Alves C. Salazar R. et al. A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2014; 12: 12-23 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (192) Google Scholar ]. In this study, we used the Yfiler® Plus kit to type 203 unrelated individuals from 3 geographically different areas of Serbia; Northern Serbia, Central Serbia and Southern Serbia (Fig. S1).