Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in adults. In addition to the well-known cardiovascular risk factors, the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation is emphasized. MicroRNAs are a group of small, endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs, 20-22 nucleotides long, whose task is to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Changes in the expression of microRNAs in circulating blood and tissues lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation, leading to the remodeling of the heart muscle. Different types of remodeling, such as electrical remodelling, structural remodeling, autonomic nerve remodelling, calcium handling abnormalities and single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA and related genes are responsible for the development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. This paper presents the most important microRNAs that regulate genes that influence atrial fibrillation and thus may induce arrhythmia.
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